{"id":1452,"date":"2023-03-28T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/?p=1452"},"modified":"2024-04-09T18:48:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T10:48:42","slug":"jwt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/1452","title":{"rendered":"JWT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>JWT\u662fJson Web Token\u7684\u5168\u7a31\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bcJSON\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u8072\u660e\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002 \u5b83\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u50b3\u9001\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u8eab\u5206\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u6703\u8a71\u8655\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u6703\u8a71\u8ffd\u8e64\u6280\u8853\u3002\u6703\u8a71\u8ffd\u8e64\u6280\u8853\u662f\u4fdd\u6301HTTP\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6709Cookie,Session\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">JWT\u683c\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>JWT \u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9<\/mark>.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ<\/mark>.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">5mhBHqs5_DTLdINd9p5m7ZJ6XD0Xc55kIaCRY5r6HRA<\/mark><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531 3 \u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\uff1aheader(\u6a19\u982d)\uff0cpayload(\u6709\u6548\u8ca0\u8f09)\u548csignature(\u7c3d\u540d) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>header\u662f\u4e00\u500bJSON\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u63cf\u8ff0\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225type\u548c\u7c3d\u540d\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5alg,\u4f8b\u5982HSA256,RSA256 <\/td><td>{&nbsp; &#8220;alg&#8221;: &#8220;HS256&#8221;,&nbsp; &#8220;typ&#8221;: &#8220;JWT&#8221;}<\/td><td>\u900f\u904e Base64UrlEncode\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9:<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9<\/mark><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>payload\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u50b3\u8f38\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u8a02\u8072\u660e\u3002 <\/td><td>{&nbsp; &#8220;sub&#8221;: &#8220;1234567890&#8221;,&nbsp; &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;John Doe&#8221;,&nbsp; &#8220;iat&#8221;: 1516239022}<\/td><td>\u900f\u904e Base64UrlEncode\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9:<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">eyJzdWIiOiIx&#8230;omit&#8230;MjM5MDIyfQ<\/mark><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>signature\u662f JWT \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u8f03\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u53cd\u7de8\u78bc\u3002<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u900f\u904eHMACSHA256( base64UrlEncode(header) + &#8220;.&#8221; +base64UrlEncode(payload), secret )\u7522\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9:<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">5mhBHqs5_DTLdINd9p5m7ZJ6XD0Xc55kIaCRY5r6HRA<\/mark><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9812\u767ctoken\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u6703\u900f\u904e\u5c0dheader\u548cpayload\u9032\u884chash\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u79d8\u5bc6\u7c3d\u540d\u91d1\u9470\u7522\u751f\u7c3d\u540d\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u90fd\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u81ea\u5f9etoken\u767c\u5e03\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7db2\u7ad9\u80fd\u5920\u9a57\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u7ac4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">JWT\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8a5e\u4ecb\u7d39<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>JWS ( JSON Web Signature)\uff1a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7c3d\u540d\u904e\u7684JWT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>JWE ( JSON Web Encryption)\uff1a\u90e8\u5206payload\u7d93\u904e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684JWT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>JWA ( JSON Web Algorithms )\uff1a\u76ee\u524dJWT\u6240\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b78\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nonsecure JWT\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u7576header\u7684\u7c3d\u540d\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u88ab\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70banone\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8a72JWT\u662f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u898b\u7684JWA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>JWT \u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2eJWA(\u7c3d\u540d\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5)\u70baHS256(HMAC-SHA256) \u3001RS256(RSA-SHA256) \u9084\u6709 ES256(ECDSA-SHA256)\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u8a0a\u606f\u7c3d\u540d\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c3d\u540d\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u8a0a\u606f\u7c3d\u540d\u548c\u7c3d\u540d\u9a57\u8b49\u6240\u9700\u7684key\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HS256\uff1a\u8a72\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u300csecret_key\u300d\u9032\u884c\u7c3d\u7f72\u548c\u9a57\u8b49\uff08\u5c0d\u7a31\u52a0\u5bc6\uff09\u3002 \u4e00\u65e6secret_key\u6d29\u9732\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5c07\u5b8c\u5168\u55aa\u5931\u3002HS256\u50c5\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u8a8d\u8b49\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u65b9\u9032\u884c\u7c3d\u7f72\u8207\u9a57\u8b49\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u55ae\u9ad4\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff01<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RS256\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528RSA\u79c1\u9470\u9032\u884c\u7c3d\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caRSA\u516c\u9470\u9032\u884c\u9a57\u8b49\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u516c\u9470\u6d29\u6f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u79c1\u9470\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u9470\uff0cRS256\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u9a57\u8b49\u4efb\u52d9\u59d4\u8a17\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ES256\uff1a\u548cRS256\u63a1\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u79c1\u9470\u7c3d\u7ae0\u548c\u516c\u9470\u9a57\u8b49\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5169\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46ES256\u7684\u7c3d\u7ae0\u9577\u5ea6\u8f03\u77ed\uff08\u53ef\u7bc0\u7701\u6d41\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u8207RS256\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f37\u5ea6\u76f8\u7576\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HS256\u548cRS256\u7684\u7c3d\u540d\u5dee\u5225\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>HS256\uff1a\nsignature = HMACSHA256( base64UrlEncode(header) + \".\" +base64UrlEncode(payload), secret );\n   \nRS256\uff1a      \nsignature = RSASHA256(base64UrlEncode(header) + \".\" +base64UrlEncode(payload), publicKey, privateKey)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">JWT header<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u6236\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c \u6bcf\u500b\u90fd\u544a\u8a34\u63a5\u6536\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5728\u9a57\u8b49\u7c3d\u540d\u6642\u8981\u7528\u54ea\u500b\u91d1\u9470<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>JWK ( JSON Web Key)\uff1a\u7528JSON\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u53bb\u88dd\u8f09\u5404\u7a2e\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u91d1\u9470\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>JWKs( JWK set )\uff1a\u5c07\u5f88\u591a\u91d1\u9470\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u500bJSON\u9663\u5217 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jku\uff08JSON Web key URL\uff09: \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b URL\uff0c\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u7d44\u5305\u542b\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u91d1\u9470\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kid\uff08key ID\uff09: \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b ID\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u591a\u500b\u91d1\u9470\u53ef\u4f9b\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72 ID \u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u91d1\u9470\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u5bc6\u9470\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5339\u914d\u7684kid\u53c3\u6578\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kty (Key Type)\uff1a\u91d1\u9470\u985e\u578b\u3002\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982RSA\u52a0\u5bc6\u6216\u6a62\u5713\u66f2\u7dda\u52a0\u5bc6EC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">JWK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9078\u7684JWK header\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u516c\u9470\u4ee5JWK\u683c\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u4ee4\u724c\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>{ \"kid\": \"ed2Nf8sb-sD6ng0-scs5390g-fFD8sfxG\", \n\"typ\": \"JWT\", \n\"alg\": \"RS256\", \n\"jwk\": {\n\t\"kty\": \"RSA\",\n\t\"e\": \"AQAB\", \n\t\"kid\": \"ed2Nf8sb-sD6ng0-scs5390g-fFD8sfxG\", \n\t\"n\": \"yy1wpYmffgXBxhAUJzHHocCuJolwDqql75ZWuCQ_cb33K2vh9m\" \n} }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>JWK\u898f\u7bc4\u5176\u4ed6\u7d30\u7bc0\u53ef\u53c3\u8003https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc7517<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>JWT\u76f8\u95dc\u653b\u64ca\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"vpeG7OSp4o\"><a href=\"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/1448\">JWT Attack<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"JWT Attack &#8212; \u725b\u7684\u5927\u8166\" src=\"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/1448\/embed#?secret=L1rL2yM17Y#?secret=vpeG7OSp4o\" data-secret=\"vpeG7OSp4o\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>refer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/backlion\/p\/16699442.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/backlion\/p\/16699442.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/kirito-c\/p\/12402066.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/kirito-c\/p\/12402066.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/xie.infoq.cn\/article\/e55bb7e46be860902e39f9280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/xie.infoq.cn\/article\/e55bb7e46be860902e39f9280<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/matthung0807.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/what-is-jwk.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/matthung0807.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/what-is-jwk.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JWT\u662fJson Web Token\u7684\u5168\u7a31\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bcJSON\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u8072\u660e\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002 \u5b83\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u50b3\u9001\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u8eab\u5206\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u6703\u8a71\u8655\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u6703\u8a71\u8ffd\u8e64\u6280\u8853\u3002\u6703\u8a71\u8ffd\u8e64\u6280\u8853\u662f\u4fdd\u6301HTTP\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6709Cookie,Session\u7b49<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-securitysloution"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1452\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}