{"id":2791,"date":"2025-09-07T00:13:32","date_gmt":"2025-09-06T16:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/?p=2791"},"modified":"2025-09-13T16:50:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T08:50:33","slug":"solidity%e8%aa%9e%e6%b3%95%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/2791","title":{"rendered":"Solidity\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Solidity \u662f\u7528\u65bc\u7de8\u5beb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u985e\u4f3c JavaScript\uff0c\u5c08\u70ba\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\uff08EVM\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f Solidity \u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u7bc4\u4f8b <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u5408\u7d04\u7d50\u69cb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Solidity \u7a0b\u5f0f\u4ee5\u300c\u5408\u7d04\u300d\uff08Contract\uff09\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u985e\uff08Class\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5408\u7d04\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\u51fd\u6578\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pragma solidity ^0.8.0;\n\ncontract MyContract {\n    \/\/ Content\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>pragma solidity<\/code><\/strong>: \u6307\u5b9a\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>^0.8.0<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 0.8.x \u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>contract<\/code><\/strong>: \u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c JavaScript \u7684 Class\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u8b8a\u6578\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Solidity \u662f\u975c\u614b\u578b\u5225\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u8b8a\u6578\u9700\u5728\u5ba3\u544a\u6642\u6307\u5b9a\u578b\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5e38\u898b\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u578b\u614b<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>uint<\/code>: \u7121\u7b26\u865f\u6574\u6578\uff08\u975e\u8ca0\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>uint256<\/code> \u8868\u793a 256 \u4f4d\u5143\u6574\u6578\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>int<\/code>: \u6709\u7b26\u865f\u6574\u6578\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>bool<\/code>: \u5e03\u6797\u503c\uff08<code>true<\/code> \u6216 <code>false<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>address<\/code>: \u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5730\u5740\uff0820 \u5b57\u7bc0\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5132\u5b58\u5e33\u6236\u6216\u5408\u7d04\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>address payable<\/code> : \u53ef\u63a5\u6536\/\u767c\u9001\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>bytes<\/code>: \u52d5\u614b\u5b57\u7bc0\u9663\u5217\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>string<\/code>: \u5b57\u4e32\uff08UTF-8 \u7de8\u78bc\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8907\u96dc\u578b\u614b<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>array<\/code>: \u9663\u5217\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u6216\u52d5\u614b\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>uint[]<\/code> \u6216 <code>uint[5]<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>mapping<\/code>: \u9375\u503c\u5c0d\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>mapping(address =&gt; uint)<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>struct<\/code>: \u81ea\u8a02\u7d50\u69cb\u9ad4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>enum<\/code>: \u679a\u8209\u578b\u5225\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8b8a\u6578\u53ef\u898b\u6027\uff1a\u5305\u62ec <code>public<\/code>\uff08\u516c\u958b\uff09\u3001<code>private<\/code>\uff08\u79c1\u6709\uff09\u3001<code>internal<\/code>\uff08\u50c5\u9650\u5408\u7d04\u5167\u90e8\uff09\u3001<code>external<\/code>\uff08\u50c5\u5916\u90e8\u547c\u53eb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Variables {\n    uint256 public myNumber = 42; \n    address public owner; \n    address payable public beneficiary;\n    string public name = \"Hello, Solidity!\";\n    bool public isActive = true;\n\n    uint&#91;] public numbers = &#91;1, 2, 3];\n\n    mapping(address =&gt; uint) public balances;\n\n    struct User {\n        string name;\n        uint age;\n    }\n\n    enum Status { Pending, Active, Inactive }\n    Status public status = Status.Pending;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u51fd\u6578<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fd\u6578\u662f Solidity \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>function functionName(parameterType param) &#91;visibility] &#91;state mutability] &#91;returns (returnType)] {\n    \/\/ Content\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u53c3\u6578<\/strong>:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>visibility<\/code>: \u51fd\u6578\u53ef\u898b\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u542b\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>public<\/code>: \u6700\u5bec\u9b06\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u547c\u53eb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>external<\/code>: \u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5408\u7d04\u5916\u90e8\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5167\u90e8\u547c\u53eb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>internal<\/code>: \u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5408\u7d04\u5167\u90e8\u6216\u7531\u7e7c\u627f\u5b83\u7684\u5408\u7d04\u547c\u53eb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>private<\/code>: \u6700\u56b4\u683c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7576\u524d\u5408\u7d04\u5167\u90e8\u547c\u53eb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>state mutability<\/code>: \u72c0\u614b\u53ef\u8b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u542b\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>pure<\/code>: \u4e0d\u8b80\u5beb\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u72c0\u614b\uff08\u7d14\u8a08\u7b97\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>view<\/code>: \u50c5\u8b80\u53d6\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uff08\u7121\u6a19\u8a18\uff09: \u53ef\u8b80\u5beb\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>payable<\/code>\uff1a\u5167\u5efa\u4fee\u98fe\u8a5e\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u51fd\u6578\u63a5\u6536\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\u3002\u672a\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba payable \u7684\u51fd\u6578\u82e5\u63a5\u6536\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>modifier<\/code>\uff1a\u81ea\u8a02\u4fee\u98fe\u7b26\uff0c\u5c01\u88dd\u91cd\u8907\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6b0a\u9650\u6aa2\u67e5\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6578\u57f7\u884c\u524d\u5f8c\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>returns<\/code>: \u5b9a\u7fa9\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u578b\u5225\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Functions {\n    uint public count = 0;\n\n    function increment() public {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n\n    function getCount() public view returns (uint) {\n        return count;\n    }\n\n    function add(uint a, uint b) public pure returns (uint) {\n        return a + b;\n    }\n\n    function deposit() public payable onlyOwner {\n        require(msg.value &gt; 0, \"Must send Ether\");\n        balances&#91;msg.sender] += msg.value;  \n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u4fee\u98fe\u7b26\uff08Modifiers\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fee\u98fe\u7b26\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u51fd\u6578\u57f7\u884c\u524d\u6aa2\u67e5\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cd\u8907\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>modifier modifierName() {\n    \/\/ Check condition\n    _; \/\/ Continue execution\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Modifiers {\n    address public owner;\n\n    constructor() {\n        owner = msg.sender; \/\/ The deployer is the contract owner\n    }\n\n    modifier onlyOwner() {\n        require(msg.sender == owner, \"Not owner\");\n        _;\n    }\n\n    function restrictedFunction() public onlyOwner {\n        \/\/ Only the owner can execute\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u7279\u6b8a<\/strong>\u51fd\u6578<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>constructor<\/code> \u5efa\u69cb\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u7d04\u90e8\u7f72\u6642\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract ConstructorExample {\n    address public owner;\n    uint public initialValue;\n\n    constructor(uint _initialValue) {\n        owner = msg.sender;\n        initialValue = _initialValue;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7528\u65bc\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><code>receive<\/code> \u7576\u5408\u7d04\u63a5\u6536\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\uff08Ether\uff09\u4e14 msg.data \u70ba\u7a7a\u6642\u89f8\u767c\u3002\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\u8f49\u5e33<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>receive() external payable {\n        totalDonations += msg.value;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>fallback<\/code>\u7576\u5408\u7d04\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u73fe\u6709\u51fd\u5f0f\u7c3d\u540d\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u89f8\u767c\u3002\u6216\u8005\u7d14\u7cb9\u8f49\u5e33\uff0c\u4f46\u5408\u7d04\u6c92\u6709 receive()\u4e5f\u6703\u89f8\u767c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>fallback() external {\n    revert(\"Unknown function called\");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7528\u65bc\u767c\u9001 Ether \u7684\u51fd\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u500b\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\uff08address\uff09\u578b\u5225\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u767c\u9001 Ether \u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8f49\u5e33\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>transfer<\/code>\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u9084\u539f\uff08revert\uff09\uff0c\u70ba\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5408\u7d04\u9810\u7559\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a2300 gas\u4e0a\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>    function sendWithTransfer() public payable {\n        receiver.transfer(1 ether);\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>send<\/code>\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u4e0d\u6703\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56de\u50b3 <code>false<\/code>\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u624b\u52d5\u6aa2\u67e5\u8f49\u5e33\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u70ba\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5408\u7d04\u9810\u7559\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a2300 gas\u4e0a\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>    function sendWithSend() public payable {\n        bool sent = receiver.send(1 ether);\n        require(sent, \"Ether transfer failed\");\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>call<\/code> \u9019\u662f\u6700\u5e95\u5c64\u3001\u6700\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u9001 Ether \u6216\u662f\u547c\u53eb\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0d\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u5e03\u6797\u503c <code>success<\/code> \u548c\u56de\u50b3\u8cc7\u6599 <code>data<\/code>\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u624b\u52d5\u6aa2\u67e5\u8f49\u5e33\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9ed8\u8a8d\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5408\u7d04gas\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52d5\u6307\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>    function sendWithCall() public payable {\n        (bool success, ) = receiver.call{value: 1 ether}(\"\");\n        require(success, \"Ether transfer failed\");\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Events\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7528\u65bc\u8a18\u9304\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u4e0a\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4fbf\u65bc\u524d\u7aef\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u61c9\u7528\u76e3\u807d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>event\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aevent \u7528\u65bc<strong>\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/strong>\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u53c3\u6578\uff09\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5ba3\u544a\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u677f\u6216\u85cd\u5716\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u544a\u8a34\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u548c\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u9019\u500b\u5408\u7d04\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a18\u9304\u54ea\u4e9b\u65e5\u8a8c\uff08logs\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5b9a\u7fa9\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u53c3\u6578\u540d\u7a31\u3001\u578b\u5225\u3001\u662f\u5426\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>emit\uff1a\u89f8\u767c\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aemit \u7528\u65bc<strong>\u89f8\u767c<\/strong>\u5df2\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c07\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u503c\u8a18\u9304\u5230\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5408\u7d04\u57f7\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u900f\u904e emit \u5c07\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8cc7\u6599\u5beb\u5165\u5340\u584a\u93c8\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u5916\u90e8\u61c9\u7528\u67d0\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8f49\u5e33\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>event EventName(type param1, type param2);\nemit EventName(value1, value2);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Events {\n    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint amount);\n\n    function transfer(address to, uint amount) public {\n        emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, amount);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Solidity \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e09\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>require(condition, \"error message\")<\/code>: \u6aa2\u67e5\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5931\u6557\u6642\u56de\u6efe\u4e26\u8fd4\u56de\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>revert(\"error message\")<\/code>: \u4e3b\u52d5\u56de\u6efe\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>assert(condition)<\/code>: \u7528\u65bc\u5167\u90e8\u932f\u8aa4\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5931\u6557\u6642\u6d88\u8017\u6240\u6709 gas\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract ErrorHandling {\n    function deposit(uint amount) public {\n        require(amount &gt; 0, \"Amount must be greater than 0\");\n        \/\/ Operation logic\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. \u5e38\u898b\u5167\u5efa\u8b8a\u6578<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u5c40\u8b8a\u6578\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u8b8a\u6578<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u95dc\u65bc\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>msg<\/code>: \u5305\u542b\u7576\u524d\u4ea4\u6613\u767c\u9001\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>msg.sender<\/code> (<strong><code>address<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u767c\u8d77\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u6b0a\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>msg.value<\/code> (<strong><code>uint<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u9644\u52a0\u7684 Wei \u6578\u91cf\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>msg.data<\/code> (<strong><code>bytes<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u547c\u53eb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u5f0f\u9078\u64c7\u5668\u548c\u53c3\u6578\u7de8\u78bc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>tx<\/code>: \u5305\u542b\u6574\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>tx.origin<\/code> (<strong><code>address<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u767c\u8d77\u6574\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u93c8\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>tx.origin<\/code> \u9032\u884c\u6b0a\u9650\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u91e3\u9b5a\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 <code>msg.sender<\/code> \u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u95dc\u65bc\u5340\u584a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>block<\/code>: \u5305\u542b\u7576\u524d\u5340\u584a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>block.timestamp<\/code> (<strong><code>uint<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u7576\u524d\u5340\u584a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6233\uff08Unix \u6642\u9593\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>block.number<\/code> (<strong><code>uint<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u7576\u524d\u5340\u584a\u7684\u5340\u584a\u865f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>block.gaslimit<\/code> (<strong><code>uint<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u7576\u524d\u5340\u584a\u7684 gas \u4e0a\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>block.difficulty<\/code> (<strong><code>uint<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u7576\u524d\u5340\u584a\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u95dc\u65bc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>address<\/code>: \u5730\u5740\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>address.balance<\/code> (<strong><code>uint256<\/code><\/strong>)\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u5e63\u9918\u984d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.<strong>\u5132\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Solidity \u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6839\u64da\u5132\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>storage<\/code>\uff1a \u5132\u5b58\u5728\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u4e0a\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u786c\u789f\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u5408\u7d04\u5c64\u7d1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u9ed8\u8a8d\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u7a2e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>memory<\/code>\uff1a\u81e8\u6642\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u50c5\u5728\u51fd\u6578\u57f7\u884c\u671f\u9593\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6578\u5167\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u9ed8\u8a8d\u662f\u9019\u7a2e <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>calldata<\/code>\uff1a\u552f\u8b80\u7684\u81e8\u6642\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6578\u547c\u53eb\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c <code>memory<\/code> \u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u7576\u547c\u53eb\u4e00\u500b <code>external<\/code> \u6216 <code>public<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u50b3\u5165\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u6703\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u4e26\u5132\u5b58\u5728 <code>calldata<\/code> \u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7279\u6027<\/th><th>calldata<\/th><th>memory<\/th><th>storage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u6027<\/td><td>\u552f\u8b80\uff08Read-Only\uff09<\/td><td>\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td><td>\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6301\u4e45\u6027<\/td><td>\u66ab\u6642\u6027\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u7d50\u675f\u5373\u6e05\u9664<\/td><td>\u66ab\u6642\u6027\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u7d50\u675f\u5373\u6e05\u9664<\/td><td>\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u5340\u584a\u93c8\u4e0a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>gas \u6210\u672c<\/td><td>\u6700\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u8f03\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u6700\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7528\u9014<\/td><td>\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u53c3\u6578<\/td><td>\u5167\u90e8\u51fd\u5f0f\u53c3\u6578\u3001\u81e8\u6642\u8b8a\u6578<\/td><td>\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u5132\u5b58\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7bc4\u4f8b <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>function storageExample() public {\n    uint&#91;] storage localArray = dynamicArray;   \n    uint&#91;] memory tempArray = new uint&#91;](5);    \n    string calldata inputData;                  \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.<strong>\u7e7c\u627f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Solidity \u652f\u63f4\u55ae\u7e7c\u627f\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u7e7c\u627f\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u5408\u7d04\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7d04\u7e7c\u627f\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578\u548c\u51fd\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 is \u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u6307\u5b9a\u7236\u5408\u7d04\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b50\u5408\u7d04\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e7c\u627f\u7236\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\u51fd\u6578\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 virtual\uff08\u7236\u5408\u7d04\uff09\u548c override\uff08\u5b50\u5408\u7d04\uff09\u8655\u7406\u51fd\u6578\u8986\u5beb\u3002virtual \u7528\u65bc\u6a19\u8a18\u7236\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8a72\u51fd\u6578\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b50\u5408\u7d04\u8986\u5beb\uff08override\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916virtual \u548c override \u5fc5\u9808\u6210\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7de8\u8b6f\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Parent {\n    uint public value;\n\n    function setValue(uint _value) public virtual {\n        value = _value;\n    }\n}\n\ncontract Child is Parent {\n    function setValue(uint _value) public override {\n        value = _value * 2;  \n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.<strong>\u63a5\u53e3 <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u5408\u7d04\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7d04\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u77e5\u9053\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>interface IContract {\n    function functionName(uint param) external returns (uint);\n    event EventName(address indexed user, uint value);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5408\u7d041:\u5b9a\u7fa9\u63a5\u53e3 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>interface ICustom {\n    function transfer(address to, uint amount) external returns (bool);\n}\n\ncontract MyContract is ICustom {\n    mapping(address =&gt; uint) public balances;\n\n    constructor() {\n        balances&#91;msg.sender] = 1000;  \n    }\n\n    function transfer(address to, uint amount) external override returns (bool) {\n        \/\/ \n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5408\u7d042:\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u7d041\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>interface ICustom {\n    function transfer(address to, uint amount) external returns (bool);\n}\n\ncontract TokenInteraction {\n    Icustom public ExternalContract;\n\n    constructor(address externalContractAddress) {\n        ExternalContract = Icustom(externalContractAddress);\n    }\n\n    function transferTokens(address to, uint amount) public {\n        require(ExternalContract.transfer(to, amount), \"Transfer failed\");  \n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>Icustom public ExternalContract;<\/code>   \u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u985e\u578b\u4f5c\u70ba\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>ExternalContract = Icustom(externalContractAddress)<\/code>  \u9019\u884c\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u500b\u5408\u7d66\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c <code>externalContractAddress<\/code>\u8981\u586b\u5408\u7d041\u7684\u5730\u5740 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12.\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 Solidity \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e36\u6709\u4e0b\u5e95\u7dda\u524d\u7db4\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 _myVariable\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u51fd\u6578\u53c3\u6578<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7576\u51fd\u6578\u53c3\u6578\u540d\u7a31\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8b8a\u6578\u540d\u7a31\u885d\u7a81\u6642\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5e95\u7dda\u524d\u7db4\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c_myNumber \u662f\u51fd\u6578\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u8b8a\u6578 myNumber\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Example {\n    uint public myNumber;\n\n    function setNumber(uint _myNumber) public {\n        myNumber = _myNumber;  \n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u79c1\u6709\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6709\u6642\u6703\u7528 _ \u524d\u7db4\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u79c1\u6709\u8b8a\u6578\u6216\u5167\u90e8\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8a2a\u554f\u3002\u9019\u662f Solidity \u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u6163\u4f8b\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Python \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u8b8a\u6578\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>contract Example {\n    uint private _counter;  \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solidity \u662f\u7528\u65bc\u7de8\u5beb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u985e\u4f3c JavaScript\uff0c\u5c08\u70ba\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\uff08EVM\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[373],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-smart-contract-develop"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2791"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2806,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2791\/revisions\/2806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}