{"id":525,"date":"2014-11-22T23:34:00","date_gmt":"2014-11-22T15:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/note.systw.net\/note\/?p=525"},"modified":"2023-11-03T23:38:06","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T15:38:06","slug":"python%e6%91%98%e8%a6%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/525","title":{"rendered":"Python\u6458\u8981"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

python<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f3a\u9ede:\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u80fd\u8f03\u6162
\u512a\u9ede:\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7de8\u6392\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

refer
http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/using-python\/wiki\/Welcome
http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Python
http:\/\/pydoing.blogspot.tw\/2012\/12\/Python-Guide.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

……………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Install on linux<\/strong>
1
download from www.python.org
2
\u5b89\u88c5
#.\/configure –prefix=\/usr\/local\/python
#make
#make install
3
\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8def\u5f91
#mv \/usr\/bin\/python \/usr\/bin\/python.bak
#ln -sf \/usr\/local\/python\/bin\/python \/usr\/bin\/python<\/p>\n\n\n\n

refer
http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/using-python\/wiki\/Installation
…………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u9032\u5165IDLE(\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f)<\/strong>
#python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Sep 26 2013, 20:08:41)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux
Type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.
>>><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u57f7\u884cpython script<\/strong>
#python < python script >
ex:
#vi hello.py
#!\/usr\/bin\/env python
print \u2018hello world’<\/p>\n\n\n\n


ps:
\u5ffd\u7565warnning message
#python -W ignore < python script><\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

indentation:\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u96a8\u610f\u7e2e\u6392\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7e2e\u6392\u662fPython\u5283\u5206\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5340\u584a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f
ex:
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u6703\u767c\u751f\u932f\u8aa4
a = 1
print(a)
a = 3
print(a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………………………………………..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8b8a\u6578
<\/strong>1.case-sensitive(\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\u6709\u5225)
2.\u53ef\u4e00\u6b21\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u503c
ex:
m, n = 5, 6
3.\u6e05\u9664\u8b8a\u6578\u65b9\u6cd5\u67092\u7a2e
var = None
del var
4.\u5efa\u7acb\u6642\u81ea\u52d5\u5ba3\u544a\u8b8a\u6578\u7bc4\u570d
ex:
x = 10 # x\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u662f\u5168\u57df
def outer():
  y = 20 # y\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u662f\u5728outer() \u51fd\u5f0f\u5167
5\u624b\u52d5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8b8a\u6578\u7bc4\u570d
\u5ba3\u544a\u975e\u5168\u57df\u8b8a\u6578
nonlocal
\u5ba3\u544a\u5168\u57df\u8b8a\u6578
gobal<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

while<\/strong>
while < condietion>:
\u3000< statement><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u61c9\u7528
i = 10 # \u8a2d\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u6578
while i > 0:
\u3000# \u8ff4\u5708\u5de5\u4f5c\u5340
\u3000print(i)
\u3000i -= 1 # \u8abf\u6574\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u6578\u503c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ex:
len = 10
while i > len:
\u3000i+=1
\u3000print(i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

for<\/strong>
for < target> in < range or array>:
\u3000< statement><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u61c9\u7528
i = 10 # \u8a2d\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u6578
for i in range(10, 0, -1):
\u3000print(i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ex:
list1=[1,5,3,2]
for x in list1:
  print(x)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

if<\/strong>
if < condietion>:
  < statement>
elif:
  < statement>
else:
  < statement><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ex:
\u5224\u65b7\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709”-“
if \u2018-‘ in string:
  print \u2018string include -‘<\/p>\n\n\n\n

……………………………………………..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

import<\/strong>
\u8f09\u5165library module,\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u8f09\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

import < module><\/strong>
ex:
\u8f09\u5165sys\u6a21\u7d44
import sys
print sys.argv, sys.path
ps:
import < module> as < short name><\/strong>
\u8f09\u5165module\u5f8c\u53e6\u6307\u5b9a\u5225\u540d
ex:
import numpy as np<\/p>\n\n\n\n

from < module> import < function><\/strong>
ex:
\u8f09\u5165sys\u6a21\u7d44\u5167argv,path\u5169\u500b\u529f\u80fd
from sys import argv,path
print argv, path
ps:
\u8f09\u5165sys\u6a21\u7d44\u5167\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd
from sys import *
print argv, path<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

try and except<\/strong>
\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u6642,\u6703\u57f7\u884ctry\u7684\u5340\u57df
\u82e5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\u767c\u751f\u4f8b\u5916\u72c0\u6cc1,\u5c31\u6703\u57f7\u884cexcept\u7684\u5340\u57df<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ex:
a = 22
b = 33

try:
  if a > b:
    print(n)
except:
  print(“except”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fd\u6578<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528def+\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u683c+\u51fd\u6578\u540d\u7a31\u8207\u5c0f\u62ec\u5f27+\u5192\u865f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u503c<\/strong>
def big(a, b):
\u3000if a > b:
   \u3000 return a
\u3000else:
\u3000\u3000return b
print(big(33, 22))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56de\u50b3\u591a\u503c<\/strong>
def select_choice():
…
\u3000return (i, card)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

my_i, my_card = select_choice()<\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b0\u589e\u6a21\u7d44<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1
#mkdir moduletest
#cd moduletest
#vi moduletest.py<\/strong>
def printhello():
\u3000print \u2018hello’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u7de8\u8f2fmetadata
#vi setup.py<\/strong>
from distutils.core import setup
setup(
\u3000name=’moduletest’,
\u3000version =’1.0.0′,
\u3000py_modules=[\u2018moduletest’],
\u3000author=’raymond’,
\u3000author_email=’ray@systw.net’,
\u3000url=’systw.net’,
\u3000description =’for test’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\u5b89\u88dd
#python setup.py sdist
#python setup.py install<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u4f7f\u7528module
#vi usemodule.py<\/strong>
import moduletest
moduletest.printhello()<\/p>\n\n\n\n

..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u7d44<\/strong>
1.
#vi setup.py<\/strong>
…omit…
version =’1.1.0′,
…omit…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2
#python setup.py sdist upload<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………………………………………………..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

no display name<\/strong>
ex:
Traceback (most recent call last):
…omit…
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variabl
solve:
\u57f7\u884cexport DISPLAY=localhost:0<\/p>\n\n\n\n


IndentationError<\/strong>
ex:
File “pcashow.py”, line 13
pl.scatter(data[target == i, 0], data[target == i, 1],
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block
solve:
\u7e2e\u6392\u8abf\u597d<\/p>\n\n\n\n


…………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u5b89\u88dd<\/strong>
1.\u5230\u5957\u4ef6\u5e95\u4e0b\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709setup.py
2.\u57f7\u884cpython setup.py install<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>
\u8b93Python\u5b89\u88dd\u6a21\u7d44\u6642\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae
\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b
  easy_install
  pip<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

easy_install<\/strong>
\u652f\u63f4egg\u683c\u5f0f\u5b89\u88dd

linux \u5b89\u88dd
#yum install python-setuptools<\/p>\n\n\n\n

windows\u5b89\u88dd
1
download
http:\/\/pypi.python.org\/pypi\/setuptools
2
install
# python ez_setup.py
ps
Windows\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528setuptools-x.x.win32-py2.x.exe\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u88dd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pip<\/strong>
\u985e\u4f3ceasy_install\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u5167\u5efa\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b89\u88dd\u65b9\u6cd51
# curl http:\/\/python-distribute.org\/distribute_setup.py | python
# curl https:\/\/raw.github.com\/pypa\/pip\/master\/contrib\/get-pip.py | python<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b89\u88dd\u65b9\u6cd52( \u7528easy_install)
# easy_install pip<\/p>\n\n\n\n


refer
http:\/\/www.openfoundry.org\/tw\/tech-column\/8536-introduction-of-python-extension-management-tools<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

python \u7f3a\u9ede:\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u80fd\u8f03\u6162\u512a\u9ede:\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7de8\u6392\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4 re …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-develop"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}