{"id":652,"date":"2008-10-26T14:57:00","date_gmt":"2008-10-26T06:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/note.systw.net\/note\/?p=652"},"modified":"2025-05-19T15:50:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T07:50:55","slug":"whichwhereislocatefind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/652","title":{"rendered":"Command:which,whereis,locate,find"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

which<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4f9d\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578PATH\u627e\u57f7\u884c\u6a94
which [-a] < file><\/strong>
-a \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u7684\u540c\u540d\u57f7\u884c\u6a94,\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u986f\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u800c\u5df2
ps:PATH\u5167\u5bb9\u5927\u81f4\u70ba\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/root\/bin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

whereis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4f9d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u641c\u5c0b\u6a94\u6848
whereis [option] < file><\/strong>
option\u5982\u4e0b
-b\u3000:\u53ea\u627ebinary\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-m\u3000:\u53ea\u627e\u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u6a94manual\u8def\u5f91\u4e0b\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-s\u3000:\u53ea\u627esource\u4f86\u6e90\u6a94\u6848
-u\u3000:\u641c\u5c0b\u4e0d\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

locate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4f9d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u641c\u5c0b\u6a94\u6848
locate [option] < keyword><\/strong>
option\u6709
-i\u3000:\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb
-r\u3000:\u53ef\u63a5\u6b63\u898f\u8868\u793a\u6cd5
ex:locate passwd<\/code> \/\/\u627e\u51fa\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u540d\u5305\u542bpasswd\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ps
\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab
updatedb
\u4f9d\/etc\/updatedb.conf\u8a2d\u5b9a\u641c\u5c0b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u7684\u6a94\u540d,\u4e26\u66f4\u65b0\/var\/lib\/mlocate\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

find<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0b\u627e\u786c\u9ad4\u5167\u6a94\u6848
find < path> < option> [act]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

< path><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u641c\u5c0b\u6b21\u76ee\u9304
\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u505a\u70ba\u9593\u9694\u53ef\u63a5\u591a\u76ee\u9304
ex:find \/home \/var -name file<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51fahome\u548cvar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6a94\u540d\u70bafile\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ex:find \/home \/var -name \"*.php\"<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51fahome\u548cvar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6a94\u540d\u7d50\u5c3e\u70ba.php\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[act]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

-print\u3000:\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u5217\u5370\u5230\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a,\u9810\u8a2d\u52d5\u4f5c
-exec < command> {} ;\u3000:\u53ef\u63a5\u984d\u5916\u7684command\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u641c\u5c0b\u5230\u7684\u7d50\u679c,\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4\u547d\u4ee4\u5225\u540d
ex:
find \/ -name bashrc -exec ls -l {} ; <\/code>\/\/\u5c07\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7528ls -l\u5217\u51fa
find . -exec grep -Hn ilikelinux {} ;  <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51fa\u8a72\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u7684\u5305\u542bilikelinux\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

< option> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

-name < filename><\/strong>\u3000:\u641c\u5c0b\u6a94\u6848\u540d\u7a31\u70bafilename \u7684\u6a94\u6848,\u652f\u63f4\u842c\u7528\u5b57\u5143
ex:
find \/ -name passwd<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u6839\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6a94\u540d\u70bapasswd\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/ -name '*log*' <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51fa\u6839\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6a94\u540d\u5305\u542blog\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-size << +|->SIZE><\/strong>\u3000:\u4f9dSIZE\u5927\u5c0f\u5217\u51fa\u6a94\u6848,+\u8868\u5927\u65bc,-\u8868\u5c0f\u65bc,SIZE\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u6709:c\u8868byte,k\u88681024bytes
ex:
find \/var -size +50k<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6bd450KB\u5927\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-type < TYPE><\/strong>\u3000:\u4f9d\u6a94\u6848\u985e\u578b\u5217\u51fa\u6a94\u6848,TYPE\u503c\u70ba:f\u8868\u4e00\u822c\u6b63\u898f\u6a94\u6848,b,c\u8868\u88dd\u7f6e\u6a94\u6848,d\u8868\u76ee\u9304,l\u8868\u9023\u7d50\u6a94,s\u8868socket,p\u8868FIFO
ex:
find \/ -type d -perm 777 <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51fa\u6839\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u53ef\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u76ee\u9304
find \/var -type s <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6a94\u6848\u985e\u578b\u70basocket\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207\u6642\u9593\u6709\u95dc<\/strong>
-mtime < n>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7b2cn\u5929\u7576\u5929\u88ab\u6539\u904e\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-mtime +< n>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5728n\u5929\u524d(\u4e0d\u542bn\u5929\u672c\u8eab)\u88ab\u6539\u904e\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-mtime -< n>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5728n\u5929\u5167(\u542bn\u5929\u672c\u8eab)\u88ab\u6539\u904e\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-newer < file>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u6bd4file\u9084\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u6a94\u6848
ex:
find \/var -mtime +3 <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u93043\u5929\u524d\u88ab\u6539\u904e\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -mtime -3<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u93043\u5929\u5167\u88ab\u6539\u904e\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -mtime 3 <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7b2c3\u5929\u7576\u5929\u88ab\u6539\u904e\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -newer \/var\/log\/messages <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u5167\u6bd4\/var\/log\/messages\u65b0\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207user\u548cgroup\u6709\u95dc<\/strong>
-uid < uid>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5c6c\u65bcuid\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-gid < gid>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5c6c\u65bcgid\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-user < name>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5c6c\u65bc\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-group < name>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5c6c\u65bc\u8a72\u7fa4\u65cf\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-nouser\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u6a94\u6848\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-nogroup\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u6a94\u6848\u64c1\u6709\u7fa4\u7d44\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/group\u7684\u6a94\u6848
ps:\u81ea\u884c\u5b89\u88dd\u8edf\u9ad4\u6642,\u53ef\u80fd\u8a72\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c6c\u6027\u4e2d\u4e26\u7121\u6a94\u6848\u64c1\u6709\u8005,\u6b64\u6642\u53ef\u7528-nouser\u6216-nogroup\u641c\u5c0b
ex:
find \/home -user raymond<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51fahome\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u5c6c\u65bcraymond\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/ -nouser <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51fa\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u6a94\u6848<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207\u6a94\u6848\u6b0a\u9650\u6709\u95dc<\/strong>
-perm < mode>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u7b49\u65bcmode\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-perm -< mode>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u53ef\u5305\u542bmode\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u6a94\u6848
-perm +< mode>\u3000:\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4e00mode\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u6a94\u6848
ex:
find \/var -perm 777 -type d<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6b0a\u9650\u70ba\u53ef\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u76ee\u9304
find \/var -perm 4755<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6b0a\u9650\u70ba-rwsr-xr-x\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -perm -7477 <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b7477,7577,7677,7777\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -perm -7177 <\/code>\/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b7177,7377,7577,7777\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -perm +0600<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b0600,0400,0200\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -perm +0500<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b0500,0400,0100\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/var -type d -perm \/o=w <\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6b0a\u9650\u70baother\u53ef\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u76ee\u9304
find \/var -type d -writable 2>\/dev\/null <\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51favar\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u9304\u4f60\u53ef\u5beb\u5165
find \/ -perm -u=s -type f 2>\/dev\/null <\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u6709suid\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u6a94\u6848
find \/ -user root -perm -4000 -print 2>\/dev\/null<\/code> \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u6709suid\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u6a94\u6848
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

which \u4f9d\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578PATH\u627e\u57f7\u884c\u6a94which [-a] …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linuxsystem"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=652"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/652\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}