{"id":734,"date":"2009-10-27T16:22:00","date_gmt":"2009-10-27T08:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/note.systw.net\/note\/?p=734"},"modified":"2023-11-04T16:31:19","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T08:31:19","slug":"%e8%a8%98%e6%86%b6%e9%ab%94%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/734","title":{"rendered":"\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5177\u5132\u5b58\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e2d,\u53ea\u6709\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684

\u5167\u5132\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
1\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u524d\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u8f09\u5165\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u4e2d
2\u8b93cpu\u5728instruction cycle(\u6307\u4ee4\u9031\u671f)\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u5230\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u5b58\u53d6\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8207\u8cc7\u6599

cell<\/strong>(\u5132\u5b58\u683c):\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u6210\u55ae\u4f4d,\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143,\u53ef\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u4f4d\u5740,\u56e0\u6b64\u6703\u6642\u5177\u6709\u4f4d\u5740\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5169\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea
\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143<\/strong>:\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u500bword(\u5b57\u7d44),\u7531\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143\u6240\u7d44\u6210,\u5b57\u7d44\u542b\u591a\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u6642,\u6703\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u4f4d\u5740\u7576\u6210\u5b57\u7d44\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u5740
ps:
\u96fb\u8166\u82e5\u662f32\u4f4d\u5143,\u8868\u793a1word=32bit
ps:
\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9577\u5ea6,\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143\uff1a
\u3000\u662f\u5b57\u7d44\u5247\u7a31\u70baword addressable computer(\u5b57\u7d44\u5b9a\u5740\u96fb\u8166) ,ex:\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166
\u3000\u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u5247\u7a31bit addressable computer, ex:burroughs b1700\/b1800
\u3000\u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u5247\u7a31byte addressable computer, ex:ibm360\/370,\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u96fb\u7b97\u6a5f

\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143<\/strong>
1\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7531\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143\u6240\u7d44\u6210,\u7531\u65bc\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u6392\u5217,\u4e5f\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7dad\u9663\u5217
2\u7531\u591a\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u898f\u683c\u7684\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6676\u7247\u6240\u7d44\u6210
ex:512*8bit SRAM \u8868\u793a\u6709512\u500b\u4f4d\u5740,\u6bcf\u500b\u4f4d\u5740\u8cc7\u6599\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba8bit
\u82e5\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\u70ba4096\u7684\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143,\u5247\u9700\u89818\u500b512*8bitSRAM
3\u4f4d\u5740\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u90e8\u4efd,\u524d\u90e8\u4efd\u8868\u793a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6676\u7247\u7de8\u865f,\u5f8c\u90e8\u4efd\u8868\u793a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6676\u7247\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u4f4d\u5740
4\u5be6\u969b\u4f4d\u5740\u683c\u5f0f:[ \u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u5740 | \u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740 ]
5\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143(\u5b57\u7d44)\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u500b\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143(\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44)\u7d44\u6210,\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143\u548c\u5b9a\u5740\u55ae\u5143\u9577\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570
ex:\u82e5\u8981\u75288\u500b512*8bitSRAM\u7d44\u6210\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\u70ba4k\u7684\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143
\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143\u898116bit,\u5247\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u56db\u5217\u4e8c\u884c\u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u77e9\u9663,\u4e5f\u7b49\u65bc\u67092048\u500b16bit\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143(word)
\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143\u898132bit,\u5247\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b2\u5217\u56db\u884c\u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u77e9\u9663,\u4e5f\u7b49\u65bc\u67091024\u500b32bit\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143(word)

memory bus(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u532f\u6d41\u6392)<\/strong>
\u7528\u5728cpu\u8207\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u50b3\u9001,\u53ef\u5206\u70ba:
data bus<\/strong>(\u8cc7\u6599\u532f\u6d41\u6392):\u9023\u63a5\u5230cpu\u7684MDR(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)
 \u82e5data bus\u8207MDR\u6709n\u500b\u4f4d\u5143,\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u662fn\u500b\u4f4d\u5143
address bus<\/strong>(\u4f4d\u5740\u532f\u6d41\u6392):\u9023\u63a5\u5230cpu\u7684MAR(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)
 \u82e5address bus\u8207MAR\u6709k\u500b\u4f4d\u5143,\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u95932^k\u500b\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740
 ex:address bus\u670916\u500b\u4f4d\u5143,\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\u670965536\u500b\u4f4d\u5740
control bus<\/strong>(\u63a7\u5236\u532f\u6d41\u6392):\u9023\u63a5\u5230cpu\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u55ae\u5143
……………………………………………………

\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u5b9a\u5740\u96fb\u8166<\/strong>
\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u662f\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u5b9a\u5740\u96fb\u8166
\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u5b9a\u5740\u96fb\u8166\u6839\u64da\u5b57\u7d44\u5167\u90e8\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u6392\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\u5206\u70ba:
big endian<\/strong>(\u9ad8\u4f4d\u6392\u5217):\u7531\u5de6\u800c\u53f3
  \u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u4f4d\u5740\u662f\u7531\u5b57\u7d44\u7684big-end byte(\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44)\u958b\u59cb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0<\/strong><\/td>1<\/td>2<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td>5<\/td>6<\/td>7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ex:motorola 68000,ibm360\/370
little endian<\/strong>(\u4f4e\u4f4d\u6392\u5217):\u7531\u53f3\u800c\u5de6
  \u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u4f4d\u5740\u662f\u7531\u5b57\u7d44\u7684little-end byte(\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44)\u958b\u59cb <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/td>2<\/td>1<\/td>0<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
7<\/td>6<\/td>5<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ex:intel 8086,dec pdp-11
ps:
\u9ad8\u4f4d\u6392\u5217\u8207\u4f4e\u4f4d\u6392\u5217\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u4e92\u50b3\u8cc7\u6599\u6642,\u50b3\u8f38\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba
\u3000\u5b57\u7d44:\u7121\u5f71\u97ff
\u3000\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44:\u6392\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\u6703\u76f8\u53cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

……………………………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong>
\u591a\u70ba\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u88fd\u9020,\u4e5f\u7a31\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u5305\u62ec
volatile memory(\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)\u548cnon-volatile memory(\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

volatile memory
SRAM(static random access memory,\u975c\u614b\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)<\/strong>
\u3000\u4ee5flip flop(\u6b63\u53cd\u5668)\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u5143\u4ef6
\u3000\u901f\u5ea6\u7d0420ns\u81f310ns
\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
DRAM(static random access memory,\u52d5\u614b\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)
<\/strong>\u3000\u4ee5capacitor(\u96fb\u5bb9)\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u5143\u4ef6
\u3000\u901f\u5ea6\u7d04100ns\u81f350ns
\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

non-volatile memory
ROM(read only memory,\u552f\u8b80\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)<\/strong>
\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5728bios,\u5fae\u7a0b\u5f0f,\u5132\u5b58\u4e0d\u9700\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u8cc7\u6599…\u7b49
\u3000\u4f9d\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u5426\u518d\u4fee\u6539\u5206\u70ba:
\u3000mask rom(\u906e\u7f69\u5f0from):\u8cc7\u6599\u5df1\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5167\u7121\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5
\u3000PROM(programmable rom,\u53ef\u7a0b\u5f0f\u898f\u5283\u7684rom):\u8cc7\u6599\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5beb\u5165\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e00\u6b21
\u3000EPROM(erasable programmable rom,\u53ef\u62b9\u9664\u7684rom):\u5141\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u983b\u7387\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u5c07\u6703\u90e8\u8cc7\u6599\u6e05\u9664
\u3000EEPROM(electrically erasable programmable rom,\u96fb\u5b50\u53ef\u62b9\u9664\u7684rom):\u5141\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u96fb\u58d3\u5c07\u6307\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u6e05\u9664
\u3000flash memory:\u5177ram\u7684\u7279\u8cea,\u4e14\u53ef\u8b80\u5beb\u4e26\u9577\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599<\/p>\n\n\n\n

……………………………………………………

memory cycle(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9031\u671f)<\/strong>\u3000
\u5c0d\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u8b80\u53d6\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b
\u8b80\u53d6\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6642:
 1,cpu\u900f\u904eaddress bus\u9001\u51fa\u4f4d\u5740,\u518d\u7528control bus\u9001\u51fa\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u865f
 2,\u4e3b\u61b6\u9ad4\u628a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u6240\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u900f\u904edata bus\u50b3\u7d66cpu
\u5beb\u5165\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6642:
 1,cpu\u900f\u904eaddress bus\u9001\u51fa\u4f4d\u5740,data bus\u9001\u51fa\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c,\u518d\u900f\u904econtrol bus\u9001\u51fa\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u865f
 2,\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5c07\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u5beb\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u5167\u90e8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

memory\u5b58\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u8a55\u4f30\u6a19\u6e96<\/strong>
\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u7a2e\u3000
memory access time<\/strong>(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9593):\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5b58\u53d6\u4f5c\u696d\u7531\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u9700\u6642\u9593
memory cycle time<\/strong>(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9031\u671f\u6642\u9593):\u9023\u7e8c\u5169\u6b21\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5b58\u53d6\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6642\u9593
  \u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542bmemory access time,regeneration time(\u8cc7\u6599\u518d\u751f\u6642\u9593),\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593
  memory cycle time\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u65bc\u6216\u5927\u65bcmemory access time
  ex:dram\u662f\u5927\u65bc,sram\u53carom\u662f\u7b49\u65bcmemory access time
  \u5efa\u8b70\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u6a19\u6e96<\/p>\n\n\n\n

……………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

memory hierarchy(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u968e\u5c64)<\/strong>
\u8aaa\u660e:\u7531\u591a\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5143\u4ef6\u52a0\u4ee5\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u591a\u500b\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71
ps:\u4e00\u822c\u96fb\u7b97\u6a5f\u5e38\u7528\u4e09\u968e\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71,\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u662f\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u8f14\u52a9\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
\u512a\u9ede:\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f03\u5feb\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9593\u548c\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u672c,\u548c\u6975\u5927\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593,
1 \u5728\u4e0a\u5c64\u4f7f\u7528\u5c11\u91cf\u4f46\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u5728\u64ca\u4e2d\u7387\u8f03\u9ad8\u6642\u53ef\u63d0\u6607\u5747\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd
2 \u5728\u4e0b\u5c64\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u4f46\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u672c
\u904b\u4f5c:
1,cpu\u6703\u5f9e\u6700\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u958b\u59cb\u5b58\u53d6,\u82e5\u7121\u627e\u5230\u6703\u9010\u4e00\u5f80\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5c0b\u627e
2,\u627e\u5230\u5f8c\u6703\u7531\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9010\u4e00\u50b3\u9001\u5230\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0b\u6b21\u5b58\u53d6\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4e0a\u5c64\u627e\u5230
ps:\u5230\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5143\u4ef6\u642c\u5340\u584a\u5230\u4e0a\u5c64\u6642,\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u7387\u6703\u8b8a\u5dee
ps:\u5340\u584a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u50b3\u9001\u55ae\u5143
ps:\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6240\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u8cc7\u6599,\u5728\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6703\u6709
ps:\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5143\u4ef6\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u65bc\u5b58\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6,\u55ae\u4f4d\u6210\u672c,\u5bb9\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593,\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5143\u4ef6\u8f03\u5feb\u6210\u672c\u8f03\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u5c0f,\u4e0b\u5c64\u5247\u76f8\u53cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

memory hierarchy\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u672c
<\/strong>\u8a2ds1,s2,s3\u70ba3\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593,c1,c2,c3\u70ba3\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u6210\u672c
\u516c\u5f0f:\u7e3d\u6210\u672c\/\u7e3d\u5bb9\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593=((s1*c1)+(s2*c2)+(s3*c3))\/(s1+s2+s3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

memory hierarchy\u7684average access time(\u5e73\u5747\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9593)<\/strong>
\u8a2dt1,t2,t3\u662f3\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9593,h1,h2,h3\u662f3\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u64ca\u4e2d\u7387
\u516c\u5f0f:t1*h1+(t1+t2)*((1-h1)*h2)+(t1+t2+t3)*((1-h1)*(1-h2))
=(t1*1)+(t2*(1-h1))+(t3*((1-h1)*(1-h2)))
ex:
t1\u548ct2\u5206\u5225\u662f18^-8\u548c10^-3,\u82e5average access time\u8981\u7b49\u65bc10^-4
\u5247h1>=0.90001,\u53ef\u7531\u6b64\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5c0e(10^-8*1)+(10^-3*(1-h1)) <= 10^-4
ex:
t1=18^-3,h1=0.90001,\u82e5average access time\u8981\u7b49\u65bc10^-5
\u5247t2<=099*10^-4,\u53ef\u7531\u6b64\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5c0e(10^-8*1)+(t2*(1-0.90001)) <= 10^-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>
memory hierarchy\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u6709
\u52d5\u614b\u4f4d\u5740\u8f49\u63db<\/strong>:\u7a0b\u5f0f\u57f7\u884c\u6642,\u7528\u4f86\u5c07\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u7684\u6a5f\u7f6e
\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>:\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u584a,\u4f86\u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u50b3\u9001\u4e0a\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u584a
\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>:\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u584a,\u8b93\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u50b3\u9001\u4e0a\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u584a\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3
\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>:\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f55\u6642\u7531\u4e0b\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u50b3\u9001\u5340\u584a\u5230\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

memory management unit(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u55ae\u5143)<\/strong>
\u7528\u9014:\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd
\u4f9d\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5927\u81f4\u6709:
\u5728\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u4f86\u8ca0\u8cac
\u5728\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u548c\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u63a1\u786c\u9ad4\u5be6\u4f5c\u6216\u662f\u5fae\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8ca0\u8cac,\u63d0\u6607\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd
\u5728\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u548c\u8f14\u52a9\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u63a1\u8edf\u9ad4\u5be6\u4f5c,\u7531\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u8ca0\u8cac,\u589e\u52a0\u5bb9\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n

locality of reference(\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6027)<\/strong>
\u8aaa\u660e:\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0a,\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u6578\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u5247\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u53d6\u7528
\u5e6b\u52a9:\u8b93\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ea\u9700\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5c31\u53ef\u5b58\u653e\u9019\u4e9b\u5c11\u6578\u91cd\u8986\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u8cc7\u6599,\u63d0\u9ad8\u64ca\u4e2d\u7387\u4f7f\u5e73\u5747\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9593\u63a5\u8fd1\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6642\u9593,\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd
\u53ef\u5206\u70ba:
temporal locality<\/strong>(\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6027):\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u88ab\u5b58\u53d6\u5f8c,\u4e0d\u4e45\u6703\u518d\u5ea6\u88ab\u5b58\u53d6
ex:\u8ff4\u5708,\u526f\u7a0b\u5f0f,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5806\u758a,\u8ff4\u5708\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u6578,\u8a08\u7b97\u7e3d\u5408\u8b8a\u6578
spatial locality<\/strong>(\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6027):\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u88ab\u5b58\u53d6\u5f8c,\u4e0d\u4e45\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u4e5f\u6703\u88ab\u5b58\u53d6
ex:\u5faa\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4,\u4ee5\u53ca\u9663\u5217,\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8b8a\u6578
ps:\u7121\u5b58\u53d6\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u6709\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4,\u96dc\u6e4a\u641c\u5c0b\u8868,\u4e8c\u5143\u641c\u5c0b…\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………………………………………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

interleaving memory(\u4ea4\u932f\u5f0f\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)<\/strong>
1\u4f7f\u7528tdm\u7684\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u589e\u52a0memory bus\u983b\u5bec\u7684\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
ps:tdm(time division multiplex,\u5206\u6642\u591a\u5de5):\u5141\u8a31\u591a\u500b\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6676\u7247\u540c\u6642\u900f\u904e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u532f\u6d41\u6392\u9032\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b58\u53d6
2\u6703\u5c07\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u8996\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684memory module(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44)
3\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u9808\u8b93\u6bcf\u500bmemory module\u6709\u5c08\u5c6c\u7684MAR\u8207MDR,\u624d\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u5c0d\u591a\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684memory module\u9032\u884c\u5b58\u53d6
ps:\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684cpu\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5c0dMAR\u8207MDR
4\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u88ab\u5207\u5272\u6210n\u500bmemory module,\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u6cc1\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u63d0\u6607n\u500d\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd
ps:\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u56e0data dependence(\u8cc7\u6599\u76f8\u4f9d)\u8207\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u6cc1
5\u7279\u5225\u9069\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b58\u53d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

interleaving memory\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e
high order interleaving<\/strong>(\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4ea4\u932f)
  \u7279\u8272:\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u9ad8,\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u6607\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd
  \u4f4d\u5740\u683c\u5f0f:[\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44\u7de8\u865f:\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740]
low order interleaving<\/strong>(\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4ea4\u932f)
  \u7279\u8272:\u53ef\u63d0\u6607\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd,\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u5dee
  \u4f4d\u5740\u683c\u5f0f:[\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740:\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44\u7de8\u865f]
hybrid interleaving<\/strong>(\u6df7\u5408\u4ea4\u932f)
  \u7279\u8272:\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u8207\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u80fd\u597d(\u4f46\u975e\u6700\u597d)
  \u4f4d\u5740\u683c\u5f0f:[\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44\u7de8\u865f:\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740:\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44\u7de8\u865f]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cache memory(\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)<\/strong>
\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\/\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71-\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

virtual memory(\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)
<\/strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\/\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71-\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6a19\u7c64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528\u984d\u5916\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\u6b04\u4f4d\u6307\u51fa\u6709\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f,\u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u5177\u6709\u578b\u614b\u800c\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u6211\u8fa8\u8a8d
\u512a\u9ede:\u5177\u932f\u8aa4\u5075\u6e2c\u7684\u80fd\u529b,\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b\u81ea\u52d5\u8f49\u63db\u7684\u529f\u80fd,\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u53ea\u9700\u8f03\u5c11\u6307\u4ee4\u7a2e\u985e,\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u53ef\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f4\u7c21\u55ae<\/p>\n\n\n\n

associative memory(\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)<\/strong>
\u4e5f\u7a31content-addressed memory(\u5167\u5bb9\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)\u6216scratchpad memory(\u8349\u7a3f\u5f0f\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4)
\u5141\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u503c\u9032\u884c\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9baddressing-by-value model(\u5167\u5bb9\u5b58\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f)\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u5b58\u53d6
\u7d44\u6210\u5143\u4ef6\u6709:
memory array(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9663\u5217)
mask register(\u906e\u7f69\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)
operand register(\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)
operator register(\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)
response array(\u56de\u8986\u9663\u5217)
\u7f3a\u9ede:\u88fd\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u9ad8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5177\u5132\u5b58\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e2d,\u53ea\u6709\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u55ae\u5143\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684 \u5167\u5132\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computerarchitecture"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=734"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}