{"id":742,"date":"2007-11-16T16:26:00","date_gmt":"2007-11-16T08:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/note.systw.net\/note\/?p=742"},"modified":"2023-11-04T16:31:34","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T08:31:34","slug":"%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e9%9b%86%e6%9e%b6%e6%a7%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/742","title":{"rendered":"\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>ISA<\/strong>(instruction set architecture,\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u69cb)<br>\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u6216\u662f\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u64b0\u5beb\u8005\u6240\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u90e8\u4efd<br>\u5305\u62ec\u904b\u7b97\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u500b\u6578\uff0c\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u689d\u4ef6\u78bc\uff0c&#8230;\u7b49<br>ps:\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u6307\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7dda\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u7b49\u5be6\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7d30\u7bc0<br><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.&nbsp;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br><br>\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20<br><br>1\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u7a2e\u985e<br>\u5fc5\u9808\u662ffunctionally complete(\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574),\u5177\u5099\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6307\u4ee4,\u624d\u53ef\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b8c\u6574\u8868\u9054\u8a08\u7b97\u904e\u7a0b<br>\u800c\u5728\u96fb\u8166\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u6307\u4f9b3\u7a2e\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff1a<br>\u3000data operation instruction(\u8cc7\u6599\u904b\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4)<br>\u3000data transfer instruction(\u8cc7\u6599\u642c\u52d5\u6307\u4ee4)<br>\u3000flow control instruction(\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4)<br>\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u4ee4\u5247\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u7684\u6368\u53d6<br>\u88dc\u5145\uff1a\u82e5\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u7528\u5c11\u5de5\u5177\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c<br>ex:\u53ea\u8981\u6709AND,OR,NOT\u4e09\u7a2e\u5373\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e03\u6797\u904b\u7b97\u529f\u80fd<br>ex:\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5faa\u5e8f,\u9078\u64c7,\u8ff4\u5708\u4e09\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u8a9e\u8a00<br><br>2 CPU\u5167\u90e8\u5132\u5b58\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<br>stack(\u5806\u758a)\uff1a\u7528postfix expression(\u5f8c\u5e8f\u904b\u7b97\u5f0f)\u53ef\u8b93\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b8a\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u53d6\u6548\u7387\u5dee<br>acc(\u7d2f\u52a0\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u96fb\u8def\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u67091\u500b\uff0c\u5728\u904b\u7b97\u6642\u5c0dmemory\u5b58\u53d6\u6b21\u6578\u8f03\u591a<br>general purpose register(\u4e00\u822c\u76ee\u5730\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)\uff1a\u6578\u91cf\u591a\u53ef\u6709\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6a5f\u5668\u63a1\u7528<br><br>3\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u500b\u6578<br>\u5132\u5b58\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u500b\u6578<br>stack\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u8207\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728stack\u4e2d<br>ACC:\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u8207\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u56fa\u5b9aACC\u4e2d<br>general purpose register:\u6709\u5169\u500b\u6216\u4e09\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u683c\u5f0f<br><br>4\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a<br>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5b58\u53d6\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u6548\u80fd,\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u6709\uff1a<br>\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u5c0d\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\uff1aload-store architecture(\u8f09\u5165\u8207\u56de\u5b58\u67b6\u69cb)<br>\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u5c0d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<br>\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5c0d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<br>\u5c0d\u65bcmemory\u4e2d,\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a<br>direct addressing(\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)<br>indirect addressing(\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)<br>relative addressing(\u76f8\u5c0d\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5<br>immediate data addressing(\u7acb\u5373\u8cc7\u6599\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)<br>indexed addressing(\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)<br><br>5\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u6307\u5b9a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u578b\u614b\u8207\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a<br>\u578b\u614b\u8207\u5927\u5c0f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u6709\u5169\u7a2e<br>\u3000\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\uff1a\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u5dee\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7528<br>\u3000\u6a19\u7c64\uff1a\u53ef\u9760\u5ea6\u4f73\uff0c\u96fb\u8def\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u8a2d\u8a08<br><br>6\u5176\u4ed6<br>\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u78bc\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u7d66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u7528\u6216\u96b1\u542b<br>\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684consistency(\u4e00\u81f4\u6027)\uff1a\u82e5\u6709\u6b64\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5247\u5bb9\u6613\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e14\u64b0\u5beb\u4e0d\u6613\u51fa\u932f<br><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br><br>\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8a2d\u8a08\u6b65\u9a5f<br>1\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u4e3b\u8981\u61c9\u7528\u9818\u57df<br>2\u6839\u64da\u61c9\u7528\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd<br>3\u5c07\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u5c0d\u6620\u6210\u4e00\u4f4e\u968e\u6307\u4ee4<br>4\u6839\u64da\u6307\u968e\u6307\u4ee4\u767c\u751f\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u983b\u7387<br>5\u4f7f\u7528\u983b\u7387\u9ad8\u4e14\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593\u9577\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6839\u64daamdahl&#8217;s law\u9032\u884c\u512a\u5316<br>6\u5206\u6790\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u597d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u69cb\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<br>1\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u8207\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\uff1a\u6700\u597d\u9069\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8003\u91cfRISC\u548cCISC\u5dee\u7570<br>2\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8207\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u53ef\u8b93\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6a5f\u5668\u8a9e\u8a00\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7387\u57f7\u884c<br>3\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u689d\u4ef6\u78bc\u5fc5\u9808\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u7686\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528<br><br>\u597d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u69cb\u9700\u8003\u91cf\uff1a<br>1 application program development:\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5728\u5404\u61c9\u7528\u9818\u57df\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64b0\u5beb\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f<br>2 compiler design:\u53ef\u5bb9\u6613\u5c07\u9ad8\u968e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6307\u4ee4\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u6a5f\u5668\u8a9e\u8a00\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u8655\u7406\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08<br>3 assembly language programming: \u53ef\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u7d44\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u9700\u8981\u64b0\u5beb\u5404\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u7a0b\u5f0f<br>4 hardware implementation: \u53ef\u5be6\u4f5c\u51fa\u96fb\u8def\u4e26\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u52a0\u6b0a\u4e88\u7279\u5225\u8a2d\u8a08<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<br><strong><br>CISC vs RISC<\/strong><br><br>CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer,\u8907\u96dc\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u96fb\u8166)<br>\u8a2d\u8a08\u54f2\u5b78\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u662f\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5de5\u5177\u8d8a\u591a\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u8d8a\u5f37\uff0c\u5247\u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u8a2d\u8a08\u7a0b\u5f0f<br>\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8b93\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684IC(\u6307\u4ee4\u500b\u6578)\u80fd\u5920\u6e1b\u5230\u6700\u5c11\u63d0\u6607\u6548\u7387<br>\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u64b0\u5beb\u7d44\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u8907\u96dc\u5de5\u4f5c<br>\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1aCPI\u8207CT\u8f03\u5927<br>\u7ba1\u7dda\u4f5c\u696d\uff1a\u666e\u901a<br>\u7279\u9ede\uff1a\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u8a2d\u8a08\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u786c\u9ad4\u96fb\u8def\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u8f03\u5c11register<br>\u6307\u4ee4\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u591a\u4e14\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u8207\u9577\u5ea6\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a<br>\u9069\u5408\uff1a\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<br>ex:Motorola6800,DEC VAX,IBM370<br><br>RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing,\u7cbe\u7c21\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u96fb\u8166)<br>\u8a2d\u8a08\u54f2\u5b78\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c11\u6578\u53ca\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6703\u6709\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u6548\u7387<br>\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a\u5c07\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u6307\u4ee4\u7279\u5225\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u9ad4\u7684\u4f86\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11CPI<br>\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u64c1\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u6307\u4ee4\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\uff0cCPI\u85c9\u7531\u7ba1\u7dda\u4f5c\u696d\u8b8a\u5c0f\uff0cCT\u85c9\u7531\u6e1b\u5c11\u89e3\u78bc\u548c\u7522\u751f\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u865f\u6642\u9593\u8b8a\u5c0f<br>\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1aIC\u591a<br>\u7ba1\u7dda\u4f5c\u696d\uff1a\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u597d\u8655<br>\u7279\u9ede\uff1a\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u8a2d\u8a08\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u786c\u9ad4\u96fb\u8def\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u8f03\u591aregister<br>\u6307\u4ee4\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u5c11\u4e14\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u8207\u9577\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a<br>\u9069\u5408\uff1a\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<br>ex:SUN SPARC,Apple PowerMac,IBM RS\u7cfb\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ps:<br>RISC\u6bd4CISC\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u7528\u5728IA(intelligent appliance\u667a\u6167\u578b\u5bb6\u96fb)<br>\u56e0\u70ba\u8a72\u6b64\u985e\u7522\u54c1\u5167\u90e8\u53ea\u9700\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5c0d\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5fae\u8655\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u5c11<br>ps:<br>\u73fe\u4eca\u7684cpu\u901a\u5e38\u63a1\u7528RISC\u548cCISC\u6df7\u5408\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>\u7cbe\u7c21\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u96fb\u8166\u7279\u6027<br><\/strong>\u56e0\u70ba\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u8f03\u591a\u7684IC\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9700\u6e1b\u5c11CPI\u548cCT\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a<br>&nbsp;\u7ba1\u7dda\u4f5c\u696d\u67b6\u69cb\uff1a\u8b93CPI\u63a5\u8fd11<br>&nbsp;single machine cycle(\u55ae\u4e00\u6a5f\u5668\u9031\u671f)\uff1a\u63d0\u5347\u6307\u4ee4\u6548\u80fd<br>&nbsp;\u8f09\u5165\u8207\u56de\u5b58\u67b6\u69cb\uff1a\u53ea\u5141\u8a31load instruction\u548cstore instruction\u5b58\u53d6\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f86\u76e1\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u7528\u5230\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4<br>&nbsp;register file(\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u6a94\u6848)\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6975\u591aregister,\u8b93\u6307\u4ee4\u76e1\u91cf\u5728register\u5b58\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11memory\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6b21\u6578<br>&nbsp;\u786c\u9ad4\u7dda\u8def\u63a7\u5236\uff1aCU(\u63a7\u5236\u55ae\u5143)\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e00\u9053\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u6607\u6574\u9ad4\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u80fd<br>&nbsp;\u56fa\u5b9a\u9577\u5ea6\u8207\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u7c21\u5316\u6307\u4ee4\u9031\u671f\u4e2dIF\u548cID\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u89e3\u78bc\u96fb\u8def\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u8b8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11CT<br>&nbsp;\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u5c0d\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u8207\u5c11\u6578\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6307\u4ee4\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5b58\u53d6\u6b21\u6578<br>&nbsp;\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\uff1a\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u6280\u8853\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6307\u4ee4\u500b\u6578\u76e1\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u4e26\u8655\u7406\u7ba1\u7dda\u5371\u6a5f<br>&nbsp;coprocessor(\u6d6e\u9ede\u904b\u7b97\u5354\u540c\u8655\u7406\u5668)\uff1a\u56e0\u55ae\u4e00\u6a5f\u5668\u9031\u671f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u7ba1\u7dda\u4f5c\u696d\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u9ad4\u96fb\u8def\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210<br>&nbsp;\u5feb\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff1a\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e3b\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5e73\u5734\u5b58\u53d6\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u8a08\u6642\u9031\u671f\u500b\u6578(CPI*IC)\u548cCT<br><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<br><br>\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<br>\u6a5f\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u70ba\uff1a[\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u6b04\u4f4d][\u5b9a\u5740\u6307\u793a\u6b04\u4f4d][\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d]<br>ps:\u5728IF\u8207ID\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u9577\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f03\u7c21\u6613\uff0c\u7528\u8b8a\u52d5\u9577\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f03\u8907\u96dc<br><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br><br><strong>\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u6b04\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5167\u542b\u4e8c\u9032\u5236\u7de8\u78bc\u7684opcode(operation code,\u904b\u7b97\u78bc)<br>1\u4e2d\u592e\u8655\u7406\u5668\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u9031\u671f\u7684ID\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6839\u64daopcode\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u90a3\u4e00\u7a2e\u904b\u7b97<br>2\u6b04\u4f4d\u9577\u5ea6\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u95dc<br>3\u7de8\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f:\u6709\u6b04\u4f4d\u9577\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6216\u8b8a\u52d5\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<br><strong>\u55ae\u4e00\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u6b04\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc<\/strong>:\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u78bc,\u82e5\u6709n\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u5247\u9700ceil(log2(n))\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u6b04\u4f4d<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ex:54\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u6307\u4ee4,\u5247\u6b04\u4f4d\u9577\u5ea6\u70ba6bit<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; ex:op code\u6b04\u4f4d\u70ba5bit\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u6a5f\u81f3\u591a\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b2^5=32\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904b\u7b97<br><strong>\u591a\u500b\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u6b04\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc<\/strong>:\u9577\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a,\u4f46\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u89e3\u78bc\u96fb\u8def\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6<br><strong>\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7de8\u78bc<\/strong>:\u5c0d\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u8a2d\u8a08,\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u6a5f\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5e73\u5734\u9577\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u7de8\u78bc<br>&nbsp; ex:\u67096\u6307\u4ee4,\u6a5f\u7387\u5206\u5225\u70bap1=0.4 , p2=0.3 , p3=0.1 , p4=0.08 , p5=p6=0.06<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7d93\u7de8\u78bc\u5f8c\u5404\u6307\u4ee4\u904b\u7b97\u78bc\u70bap1=0 , p2=10 , p3=1111 , p4=1110 , p5=1100 , p6=1101<br>&nbsp; \u5e73\u5747\u9577\u5ea6=1*0.4 + 2*0.3 + 4*0.1 + 4*0.08 + 4*0.06 + 4*0.06=2.2bit<br><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br><br><strong>\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u4f4d\u5740<br>1\u6b04\u4f4d\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u95dc<br>2\u6b04\u4f4d\u500b\u6578\u591a\u5be1\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6a5f\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9577\u5ea6<br>3\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u660e\u986f\u6307\u51fa\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u500b\u6578\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u6210\uff1a<br>&nbsp;<strong>\u56db\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong>:[\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740|&nbsp;\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740|&nbsp;\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740| \u4e0b\u4e00\u9053\u6307\u4ee4\u4f4d\u5740]<br>\u3000\u6a5f\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u76ee\u524d\u6c92\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528<br>&nbsp;<strong>\u4e09\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff1a[\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740|&nbsp;\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740|&nbsp;\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740]\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u9053\u6307\u4ee4\u4f4d\u5740\u653e\u5728program count<br>\u3000\u78c1\u854a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u51fa\u73fe\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<br>&nbsp;<strong>\u96d9\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff1a[\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740|&nbsp;\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740]<br>&nbsp;<strong>\u55ae\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff1a[\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740]<br>&nbsp;<strong>\u4e00\u53c8\u4e8c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong><br>&nbsp;<strong>\u96f6\u4f4d\u5740\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong>:\u4e5f\u7a31stack architecture(\u5806\u758a\u7d50\u69cb)\uff0c\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6240\u5728<br>&nbsp;<strong>\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u5c0d\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong>(\u8f09\u5165\u8207\u56de\u5b58\u67b6\u69cb)\uff1a\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u5230memory\u5b58\u53d6\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<br><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br><br><strong>\u5b9a\u5740\u6307\u793a\u6b04\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u793a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f<br>addressing mode(\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f)\u7528\u9014\uff1a<br>1\u7528\u4f86\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684EA(effective address,\u6709\u6548\u4f4d\u5740),\u6216\u662f\u53d6\u5f97\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<br>2\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\u8c50\u5bcc,\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11IC,\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0CPI\u548cCT,\u82e5\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\u7c21\u55ae\u5247\u76f8\u53cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e94\u5927\u985eaddressing mode\uff1a<br><strong>direct addressing<\/strong>(\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)\/absolute mode(\u7d55\u5c0d\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740=\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d<br>&nbsp; 1\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f,\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5230memory\u5b58\u53d6\u4e00\u6b21\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u904b\u7b97\u5143<br>&nbsp; 2\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u57f7\u884c\u6642,\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u96a8\u610f\u642c\u52d5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f4d\u7f6e<br>&nbsp; 3\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u8981\u914d\u5408memory\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f,\u82e5\u6b04\u4f4d\u70banbit,\u5247\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b2^n\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u7a7a\u9593<br>&nbsp; 4\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u53ef\u6307\u5230,flag,register,memory,\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5206\u6210flag direct addressing\uff0cregister direct addressing\uff0cmemory direct addressing<br><strong>indirect addressing<\/strong>(\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740=\u5b58\u653e\u5728memory\u6216register\u4e2d,\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u653e\u5230\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e2d<br>&nbsp; 1\u5e38\u7528\u65bcsubroutine linkage(\u526f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u526f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684dynamic linking(\u52d5\u614b\u9023\u7d50)<br>&nbsp; 2\u63d0\u4f9b\u6975\u5927\u7684\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6703\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u7387\u8b8a\u5dee<br>&nbsp; 3\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u904e\u5169\u6b21\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5148\u5b58\u53d6\u5230\u6709\u6548\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5728\u7528\u6709\u6548\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d6\u5f97\u904b\u7b97\u5143<br>&nbsp; 4\u53ef\u7d30\u5206\u70ba\uff1a<br>\u3000register indirect addressing\uff1a\u9069\u5408\u7528\u65bc\u5b58\u53d6\u9023\u7e8c\u4f4d\u5740\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<br>\u3000memory indirect addressing<br><strong>relative addressing<\/strong>(\u76f8\u5c0d\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u5740=\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u503c+register\u6240\u6307\u7684memory\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u5740<br>&nbsp; 1\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f<br>&nbsp; 2\u5141\u8a31\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u53ef\u96a8\u610f\u642c\u52d5\u4f4d\u7f6e<br>&nbsp; 3\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u7387\u5dee<br>&nbsp; 4\u53ef\u660e\u78ba\u6216\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u653e\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d,\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u4e8c\u7a2e:<br>\u3000base address relative(\u57fa\u5e95\u76f8\u5c0d\u5b9a\u5740)\uff1a\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740\u662f\u6307\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<br>\u3000program counter relative(\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a08\u6578\u76f8\u5c0d\u5b9a\u5740)\uff1a\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740\u662f\u6307\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0b\u9053\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f4d\u5740<br><strong>immediate data addressing<\/strong>(\u7acb\u5373\u8cc7\u6599\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5):\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u672c\u8eab\u653e\u65bc\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e2d<br>&nbsp; 1\u53ef\u8996\u70baprogram counter relative\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4d\u5740\u5fc5\u9808\u662f0<br>&nbsp; 2\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u53d6\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u5e38\u6578\u8cc7\u6599<br><strong>indexed addressing<\/strong>(\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5):\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u5728\u4e3b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f4d\u5740\u53ef\u7531\u4e00\u500bindex register(\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668)\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6240\u66f4\u6539<br>&nbsp;1\u9069\u5408\u5c0d\u9023\u7e8c\u4f4d\u5740\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u9032\u884c\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u9663\u5217\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u53d6<br>&nbsp;2\u9700\u8981\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8a08\u7b97<br>&nbsp;3\u9700\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u5740\u6cd5\u4e00\u8d77\u5408\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u7522\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<br>\u3000index memory direct(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u76f4\u63a5\u7d22\u5f15):\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u503c+\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c<br>\u3000preindexed register indirect(\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u9593\u63a5\u5148\u7d22\u5f15)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=register\u7684\u503c+\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5\u6c42\u503c<br>\u3000postindexed register indirect(\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u9593\u63a5\u5f8c\u7d22\u5f15)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u4f7f\u7528\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5\u6c42\u51faregister\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5728\u52a0\u4e0a\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c<br>\u3000preindexed memory indirect(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u63a5\u5148\u7d22\u5f15)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u503c+\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5\u6c42\u503c<br>\u3000postindexed memory indirect(\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9593\u63a5\u5f8c\u7d22\u5f15)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u4f7f\u7528\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6cd5\u6c42\u51fa\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5728\u52a0\u4e0a\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c<br>\u3000indexed base address relative(\u57fa\u5e95\u76f8\u5c0d\u7d22\u5f15)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=base address relative\u7684\u7d50\u679c+\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c<br>\u3000indexed program counter relative(\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a08\u6578\u76f8\u5c0d\u7d22\u5f15)\uff1a\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=program counter relative\u7684\u7d50\u679c+\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c<br>ex:\u8a2d@(m_addr)=value\u8868\u793a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70bam_addr\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u70bavalue<br>\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u70ba @(250)=750,@(255)=530,@(300)=90,@(305)=860,@(530)=395,@(750)=440,@(755)=950<br>\u82e5\u6709\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\u70ba[load][250]\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u66ab\u5b58\u5668=5\uff0c\u57fa\u5e95\u66ab\u5b58\u5668=50<br>\u7528direct addressing\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684250\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba250\u7684\u503c=@(250)=750<br>\u7528indirect addressing\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=m_addr\u70ba250\u7684\u503c=@(250)=750\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba750\u7684\u503c=@(750)=440<br>\u7528base address relative\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684250+50=300\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba300\u7684\u503c=@(300)=90<br>\u7528immediate data addressing\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u7121\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684250<br>\u7528index memory direct\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684250+5=255\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba255\u7684\u503c=@(255)=530<br>\u7528preindexed memory indirect\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=m_addr\u70ba250+5\u7684\u503c=@(255)=530\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba530\u7684\u503c=@(530)=395<br>\u7528postindexed&nbsp;memory indirect\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=m_addr\u70ba250\u7684\u503c+5=@(250)+5=755\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba755\u7684\u503c=@(755)=950<br>\u7528indexed base address relative\uff0c\u5247\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4f4d\u7f6e=\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684250+5+50=305\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u904b\u7b97\u5143=\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba305\u7684\u503c=@(305)=860<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<br><br>\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u4ee4<br><br>MIPS(microprocessor without interlocking pipe stages)\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<br>\u683c\u5f0f\u67093\u7a2e\uff1a<br>format1,32bit&nbsp;[6:opcode][5:src1][5:src2][5:dest][5:shift][6:function]<br>&nbsp;\u4f7f\u7528\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f<br>format2,32bit&nbsp;[6:opcode][5:src][5:dest][16:immediate constant]<br>&nbsp;\u4f7f\u7528immediate data addresing\u6216indexed addresing<br>format3,32bit&nbsp;[6:opcode][26:jump target]<br>&nbsp; \u4f7f\u7528direct addresing<br><br>NOP (no operation instruction\u4e0d\u904b\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4)<br>\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4e2d\u592e\u8655\u7406\u5668\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u57f7\u884c\u72c0\u614b\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a<br>\u4e3b\u8981\u61c9\u7528\u6709<br>1\u65e9\u671f\u53ef\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u64b0\u5beb\u5bb9\u6613\u7dad\u8b77<br>2\u53ef\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7dda\u4e2d\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62structure hazard(\u7d50\u69cb\u5371\u6a5f)<br>3\u914d\u5408\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e92\u76f8\u5354\u8abf\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u610f\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u6642\u9593<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MMX(Multi-Media eXtension,\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u5ef6\u4f38\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u6280\u8853)<br>\u7531Intel\u6240\u767c\u5c55<br>\u505a\u6cd5: \u5c0dCPU\u7684\u66ab\u5b58\u5668\u7279\u5225\u8a2d\u8a08,\u52a0\u4e0a57\u7d44\u5ef6\u4f38\u6307\u4ee4<br>\u7528\u9014:\u52a0\u5f37CPU\u5c0d\u5716\u5f62,\u5f71\u50cf,\u8072\u97f3\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u7684\u901f\u5ea6,\u8b93\u96fb\u8166\u5728\u8655\u7406\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u7db2\u8def\u901a\u8a0a\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8868\u73fe<br>\u7279\u9ede:\u6539\u8b8a\u904e\u53bbCPU\u8655\u7406\u50b3\u905e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<br>\u5df2\u5f80\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u96f6\u788e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u905e\u6642\u4ecd\u6703\u4f54\u7528\u6574\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u905e\u8def\u7dda<br>\u73fe\u5728MMX\u6703\u5c07\u50b3\u8f38\u7dda\u8def\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u4e26\u6574\u5408\u96f6\u788e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540c\u6642\u8655\u7406\u591a\u7b46\u985e\u4f3c\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u7684\u901f\u5ea6<br>ps:\u542bMMX\u6280\u8853\u7684CPU\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7522\u54c1\u662fPentium P55C<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ISA(instruction set architectu &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computerarchitecture"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}