{"id":786,"date":"2017-01-05T11:45:00","date_gmt":"2017-01-05T03:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/note.systw.net\/note\/?p=786"},"modified":"2023-11-05T11:53:17","modified_gmt":"2023-11-05T03:53:17","slug":"multicast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/786","title":{"rendered":"Multicast"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Multicast\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/strong>
\u7576\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u50b3\u8f38\u7d66\u90e8\u4efd\u8a2d\u5099\u6642,\u82e5\u7528multicast\u9001\u8cc7\u6599,\u4ea4\u63db\u5668\u50c5\u6703\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u8f38\u7d66\u90e8\u4efd\u8a2d\u5099,\u56e0\u6b64\u983b\u5bec\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6d6a\u8cbb,\u56e0\u6b64multicast\u5c0d\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u50b3\u8f38\u6642\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6548\u80fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981
ps
\u7576\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u50b3\u8f38\u7d66\u90e8\u4efd\u8a2d\u5099\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u7528broadcast\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ea4\u63db\u6a5f\u6703\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u7d93\u904e\u6ffe\u5730\u767c\u7d66\u6240\u6709\u8a2d\u5099,\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u6d6a\u8cbb\u983b\u5bec,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multicast\u6311\u6230<\/strong>
\u5982\u4f55\u8b58\u5225multicast\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005
\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u5740multicast\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multicast\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/strong>
\u55ae\u4e00\u8b58\u5225\u78bc\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7fa4\u63a5\u6536\u8005, \u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u7fa4\u7d44\u8b58\u5225\u78bc\u7684\u5c01\u5305, \u53ef\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u8a72\u7fa4\u7d44\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005
ex: \u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u7bc0\u9ede,\u4f46\u6709\u90e8\u4efd\u7bc0\u9ede\u64c1\u6709\u7fa4\u64ad\u4f4d\u7f6e,\u5247\u64c1\u6709\u6b64\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u6703\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8a72\u7fa4\u64ad\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multicast\u904b\u4f5c\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong>
IGMP<\/strong>:
\u3000\u904b\u4f5c\u5728\u4e3b\u6a5f\u8207\u76f8\u9023route\u9593
\u3000\u8b93\u4e3b\u6a5f\u80fd\u901a\u77e5\u76f8\u9023router,\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u60f3\u52a0\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u64ad\u7fa4\u7d44
Multicast routing protocol:<\/strong>
\u3000\u904b\u4f5c\u5728router\u4e4b\u9593
\u3000\u5c07\u7fa4\u64ad\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u5230\u76ee\u5730<\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………………………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multicast routing protocol<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5169\u7a2emulticast routing protocol\u505a\u6cd5:<\/strong>
group-shared:
\u3000\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u64ad\u7fa4\u7d44\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5tree\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u8def\u5f91
\u3000\u5be6\u505a\u6280\u8853\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6709minimal spanning (Steiner),center-based trees,…etc
source-specific:
\u3000\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50b3\u9001\u7aef\u6709\u5c08\u5c6c\u7684tree\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u8def\u5f91
\u3000\u5be6\u505a\u6280\u8853\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6709shortest path trees,reverse path forwarding,…etc
\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e38\u898bmulticast routing protocol<\/strong>
DVMRP(distance vector multicast routing protocol,\u8ddd\u96e2\u5411\u91cf\u7fa4\u64ad\u7e5e\u9001\u5354\u5b9a)
PIM(protocol independent multicast routing protocol,\u5354\u5b9a\u7368\u7acb\u7fa4\u64ad\u7e5e\u9001\u5354\u5b9a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………………………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGMP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Internet(Internet Group Management Protocol,\u7fa4\u7d44\u7ba1\u7406\u5354\u5b9a)<\/strong>
\u7528\u65bcmulticast\u7684\u5354\u5b9a
\u7528\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3b\u6a5f\u8981\u52a0\u5165multicast group,\u4ee5\u53ca\u548cmutlicast group\u5167\u4e3b\u6a5f\u901a\u8a0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGMP\u7248\u672c<\/strong>
IGMP V1\uff08RFC1112\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff09
IGMP V2\uff08RFC2236\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff09
IGMP V3(RFC 3376\u5b9a\u7fa9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGMP\u7d44\u6210\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong>
IGMP\u67e5\u8a62\u8def\u7531\u5668:\u7528\u4f86\u767c\u9001Membership Query\u5230224.0.0.1\u7684\u89d2\u8272,\u6bcf60\u79d2\u9001\u4e00\u6b21
IGMP\u6210\u54e1\/receiver\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u7fa4\u7d44\u7684\u96fb\u8166,\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u96fb\u8166\u6703\u6536\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u54e1\u52a0\u5165multicast\u7d44\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
\u65b9\u6cd51
\u3000\u5f9e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u652f\u63f4IGMP\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u8a2d\u5099\u4e2d\u627e\u4e00\u53f0\u505aIGMP\u67e5\u8a62\u8def\u7531\u5668
\u3000IGMP\u67e5\u8a62\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6bcf\u969460\u79d2\u9031\u671f\u6027\u5730\u767c\u9001Membership Query\u7d66224.0.0.1
\u3000\u555f\u7528\u7fa4\u64ad\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u54e1(\u4e3b\u6a5f)\u76e3\u807d\u8a72\u4f4d\u5740\u4e26\u63a5\u6536,\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5Membership Report\u56de\u8986
\u3000IGMP\u67e5\u8a62\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c31\u6703\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u7fa4\u64ad\u7fa4\u7d44\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u54e1
\u65b9\u6cd52
\u3000\u6210\u54e1\u53ef\u4e3b\u52d5\u9001Membership Report\u8868\u660e\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u90a3\u500bmulticast\u7fa4\u7d44<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6210\u54e1\u96e2\u958bmulticast\u7d44\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
\u6210\u54e1\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u56de\u61c9membership query\u800c\u96e2\u958bmulticast\u7fa4\u7d44<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGMP Version 1 \u5c01\u5305<\/strong>
\u3000Membership Query:\u7528\u65bc\u67e5\u8a62\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u54e1(0x11)\u3000
\u3000Membership Report:\u6210\u54e1\u7528\u4f86\u56de\u61c9membership query(0x12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGMP Version 2 \u5c01\u5305<\/strong>
\u3000Membership Query:\u7528\u65bc\u67e5\u8a62\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u54e1(0x11)
Membership Report:\u6210\u54e1\u7528\u4f86\u56de\u61c9membership query:\u5206\u70bav1(0x12)\u548cv2(0x16)
\u3000Leave Group:\u6210\u54e1\u7528\u4f86\u5ba3\u544a\u96e2\u958b\u7fa4\u7d44(0x17)
ps:
v2\u4e3b\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u529f\u80fd:
\u652f\u63f4\u96e2\u958b\u6a5f\u5236
\u652f\u63f4\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u7d44\u67e5\u8a62\u529f\u80fd
\u6700\u5927\u56de\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u6b04\u4f4d,v1\u9810\u8a2d10\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGMP version 3<\/strong>
v3\u4e3b\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u529f\u80fd
IGMP\u5c01\u5305\u65b0\u589e Membership Report v3
\u589e\u52a0\u904e\u6ffe\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u7cfb\u7d71\u9078\u64c7\u60f3\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u64ad\u6e90\u6216\u8005\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u60f3\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u64ad\u6e90<\/p>\n\n\n\n

refer
http:\/\/ithelp.ithome.com.tw\/question\/10067356<\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u88dc\u5145<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7fa4\u64ad\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong>
Reserved link local(\u4fdd\u7559\u93c8\u7d50\u5340\u57df)\uff1a<\/strong>
\u3000\u7bc4\u570d:224.0.0.0-224.0.0.255
\u3000\u529f\u80fd:\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a\u5e38\u7528
\u3000ex:
\u3000224.0.0.1\u8ca0\u8cac\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684IP\u7fa4\u64ad\u4e3b\u6a5f
\u3000224.0.0.2\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7fa4\u64ad\u7684\u89d2\u8272
\u3000224.0.0.5\u548c224.0.0.6\u88abOSPF\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c
\u3000224.0.0.10\u88abEIGRP\u4f7f\u7528
globally scoped(\u5168\u57df\u7bc4\u570d)\uff1a<\/strong>
\u3000\u7bc4\u570d:224.0.1.0-238.255.255.255
\u3000\u529f\u80fd:\u7fa4\u64ad\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5e38\u7528
SSM(source-specific multicast,\u7279\u5b9a\u4f86\u6e90\u7fa4\u64ad\u4f4d\u7f6e)\uff1a<\/strong>
\u3000\u7bc4\u570d:232.0.0.0-232.255.255.255
\u3000\u529f\u80fd:\u7528\u65bcIGMPv3
GLOP\uff1a<\/strong>
\u3000\u7bc4\u570d:233.0.0.0-233.255.255.255
\u3000\u529f\u80fd:\u5e38\u7528\u65bcAS
limited scope(\u9650\u5236\u7bc4\u570d)\uff1a<\/strong>
\u3000\u7bc4\u570d:239.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
\u3000\u529f\u80fd:\u985e\u4f3cprivite IP<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ps:
\u7fa4\u64adip\u8f49\u63db\u7fa4\u64admac
[01-00-5e-0] + [IP\u7684\u5f8c23bit]
ex:
\u4ee5224.1.10.10\u70ba\u4f8b
224.1.10.10=11100000.00000001.00001010.00001010
224.1.10.10\u7684\u5f8c23bit=0000001.00001010.00001010=1-0a-0a
[01-00-5e-0] + [1-0a-0a]=01-00-5e-01-0a-0a
\u6240\u4ee5224.1.10.10\u7684\u7fa4\u64admac\uff1d01-00-5e-01-0a-0a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Multicast\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u7576\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u50b3\u8f38\u7d66\u90e8\u4efd\u8a2d\u5099\u6642,\u82e5 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osi-layer3"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}