{"id":853,"date":"2008-07-06T20:36:00","date_gmt":"2008-07-06T12:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/note.systw.net\/note\/?p=853"},"modified":"2023-11-06T20:50:09","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T12:50:09","slug":"application-dhcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/archives\/853","title":{"rendered":"Application DHCP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

BOOTP(bootstrap protocol)
<\/strong>\u57281985\u5e74\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5728rfc951
\u7528\u9014:\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u6307\u6d3eip\u7b49\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8b93\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u53d6\u5f97
BOOTP\u7528\u65bc\u7121\u78c1\u789f\u4e3b\u6a5f(\u7528BOOT ROM)\u9023\u7db2\u7528,\u53ef\u81ea\u52d5\u8a2d\u5b9aTCP\/IP\u74b0\u5883,\u4f46\u9700\u53d6\u5f97client\u786c\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740
BOOTP\u8207DHCP\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u683c\u5f0f\u6975\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c,\u6709\u7684DHCP server\u4e5f\u652f\u63f4BOOTP protocol,\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u56de\u61c9BOOTP cilent\u7684request
\u5229\u7528udp,\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u7528port67.\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u7528port68<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP\u53ea\u5c0d\u61c9\u70ba\u975c\u614b,\u4e14\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4lease time
\u7576client\u63d0\u51faIP\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6642\u904e\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b:
1BOOTP server\u4f9d\u7167\u8a72client\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740,\u5728\u4e8b\u524d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u597d\u7684\u8868\u683c\u7576\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u9805\u76ee
2\u82e5\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u9805\u76ee,\u5247\u8a72\u9805\u76ee\u7576\u4e2d\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684IP\u5730\u5740,\u5c07\u56de\u50b3\u7d66\u8a72\u7528\u6236\u7aef\u96fb\u8166
3\u56e0bootp\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4lease time,\u6240\u4ee5\u767cIP\u7d66client\u6642\u5047\u8a2dlease time\u7121\u9650,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u56de\u6536cilent\u7684IP <\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………

DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
bootp\u7684\u7e7c\u8d77\u8005
\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8b93\u4e00\u90e8\u6a5f\u5668\u80fd\u5920\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5ee3\u64ad,\u5411DHCP server\u53d6\u5f97\u6709\u95dcip,mask,default gateway,dns,wins\u7b49TCP\/IP\u74b0\u5883\u8a2d\u5b9a
\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef:\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684IP\u7db2\u8def\u8a2d\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599,\u8ca0\u8cac\u8655\u7406\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7684DHCP\u8981\u6c42
\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef:\u4f7f\u7528\u5f9e\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5206\u914d\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684IP\u74b0\u5883\u8cc7\u6599
\u4f7f\u7528udp:\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u7528port67.\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u9001\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u7528port68
ps:port67,68\u73fe\u5728\u4ecd\u7a31\u70babootp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u512a\u9ede<\/strong>
\u53ef\u81ea\u52d5\u5206\u914dip\u4f4d\u5740\u7b49\u7db2\u8def\u76f8\u95dc\u53c3\u6578\u7d66\u4e3b\u6a5f
\u53ef\u5e6b\u4e3b\u6a5f\u81ea\u52d5\u66f4\u65b0\u7db2\u8def\u76f8\u95dc\u8a2d\u5b9a
\u907f\u514dip\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91cd\u8986\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u932f\u8aa4
\u63d0\u9ad8ip\u4f4d\u5740\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
Automatic Allocation:\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u79df\u5230\u5f8c\u4fbf\u6c38\u9060\u4f7f\u7528
Dynamic Allocation:\u975e\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u4f7f\u7528,lease time\u5df2\u5230\u5c31\u505c\u7528,\u4f46\u53ef\u512a\u5148renew(\u5ef6\u7e8c)\u79df\u7d04
Manual allocation:\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u8a2d\u5b9a,\u4f9d\u786c\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u56fa\u5b9a\u5206\u914dIP\u4f4d\u5740

dhcp role<\/strong>
DHCP server:\u7528\u4f86\u914d\u767cip\u7b49\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u8a0a 
DHCP client:\u8acb\u6c42ip\u7b49\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u4e3b\u6a5f 
DHCP Agent(\u6216DHCP Proxy,dhcp relay agent):\u5c07client\u9001\u4f86\u7684dhcp request\u9001\u5230\u5176\u4ed6dhcp server,\u53ef\u8655\u7406\u8de8\u7db2\u8def\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u540d\u8a5e <\/strong>
DHCP scope:DHCP\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6240\u80fd\u767c\u653eIP \u7684\u7bc4\u570d
DHCP Reservation:DHCP \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u4fdd\u7559IP
DHCP Options:DHCP \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u984d\u5916\u8a2d\u5b9a
lease time:DHCP\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u500bIP\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e45\u5f8c\u56de\u6536

DHCP\u904b\u4f5c
<\/strong>\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u9304\u7db2\u8def(\u7121IP\u8cc7\u6599\u8a2d\u5b9a)
1.cleint\u9001\u51fadhcp discover broadcast<\/strong>
\u767c\u51faDHCPDISCOVER\u5ee3\u64ad\u5c01\u5305(\u542bMAC\u4f4d\u5740,XID\u7de8\u865f),\u4f86\u6e900.0.0.0\u76ee\u7684255.255.255.255(\u6b21\u6578:1,9,13,16\u79d2,5\u5206)
2.server\u9001\u51fadhcp offer broadcast<\/strong>
\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u5f8c,\u5c07\u53ef\u7528\u7684IP,\u7db2\u8def\u76f8\u95dc\u8a2d\u5b9a,dhcp\u672c\u8eabip,\u79df\u7d04\u671f\u9650,..\u7b49,\u653e\u9032DHCPOFFER\u5ee3\u64ad\u5c01\u5305\u7d66client
ps:\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u82e5\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b64\u9805\u670d\u52d9,\u5247\u5c07\u6b64\u9805\u8981\u6c42\u8f49\u9001\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684DHCP\u4f3a\u670d\u5668
3.client\u9001\u51fadhcprequest broadcast<\/strong>
client\u9078\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500bDhcpoffer\u5f8c,\u767c\u9001Dhcprequest\u5ee3\u64ad\u5c01\u5305(\u63cf\u8ff0\u7528\u8ab0\u7684dhcp\u8a2d\u5b9a)ARP\u5ee3\u64ad\u5c01\u5305(ip\u91cd\u8986\u5247\u767c\u9001Dhcpdiscover\u4fe1\u606f)
ps:\u63a1\u7528\u5ee3\u64ad\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6dhcp server\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6236\u7aef\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc
4.server\u9001\u51fadhcpack or dhcpnack broadcast<\/strong>
\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u5f8c,\u82e5\u78ba\u8a8dIP\u79df\u7d04\u6b63\u5f0f\u751f\u6548\u5247\u5411client\u767c\u51faDHCPACK\u56de\u61c9,\u5426\u5247\u9001dhcpnack
\u82e5client\u6536\u5230dhcpnack\u5247\u6703\u5f9e\u6b65\u9a5f1\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u505a
5.client\u9001\u51fadhcpdecline<\/strong>
\u5982\u679cclient\u5728\u6240\u5c6c\u672c\u5730\u7db2\u6bb5\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u6240\u5206\u914d\u7684ip\u5df2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6client\u4f7f\u7528,\u5c31\u9001DHCPDECLINE,\u7136\u5f8c\u5f9e\u6b65\u9a5f1\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u505a
6.client\u9001\u51fadhcprelease<\/strong>
client\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528IP\u6642,\u9001\u51fa\u4e00\u500bDHCPRELEASE\u8a0a\u606f\u7d66\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u91cb\u653e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ip<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dhcp agent\u904b\u4f5c<\/strong>
1. DHCP client\u9001\u51fa\u8981\u6c42ip\u7684packet\u7d66dhcp server\u6642,\u6703\u88abdhcp relay agent\u6514\u622a 
2. dhcp Relay agent\u5c07information\u653e\u9032\u6b64packet\u7684option82 filed\u5f8c,\u8f49\u9001\u7d66dhcp server\u8655\u7406
information\u5305\u542bswitch\u81ea\u5df1\u7684mac,client\u76ee\u524dport,client\u76ee\u524dvlan,…\u7b49
3. DHCP server\u6536\u5230\u5f8c\u6839\u64daoption82 field\u5167\u7684information\u5206\u914d\u7d66client\u9069\u7576\u7684IP <\/p>\n\n\n\n

renew\u7e8c\u7d04
\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u9001Dhcprequest,\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u56deDHCPACK
ps:\u9000\u79df\u7528DHCPLEREASE
\u82e5ip\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d,\u4f3a\u670d\u7aef\u56deDHCPNACK(\u8981\u6c42\u5f9eDHCPDISCOVER\u958b\u59cb)
<\/strong>ps:\u5728win\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528ipconfig \/release\u53ef\u91cb\u653eip\u4f4d\u7f6e
<\/strong>
DHCP\u5c01\u5305\u683c\u5f0f
OP client:\u9001\u7d66server\u70ba1\u53cd\u70ba2
HTYPE:\u786c\u9ad4\u985e\u5225(Ethernet=1)
HLEN:\u786c\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740\u9577\u5ea6(Ethernet=6)
HOPS:\u9700\u7d93router\u50b3\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ad9\u52a01,\u540c\u7db2\u5167\u70ba0
TRANSACTION ID:\u7528DHCPREQUEST\u6642\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5cDHCPREPLY\u6642\u7684\u4f9d\u64da
SECONDS:Client\u7aef\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u9593(\u79d2)
FLAGS:16bits \u958b\u982dbit\u70ba1\u8868\u4ee5\u5ee3\u64ad\u50b3\u7d66client
ciaddr:\u7528\u65bc\u60f3\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524dIP\u4f4d\u5740
yiaddr:\u7d66client\u7684IP\u4f4d\u5740(\u5728DHCPOFFER,DHCPACK\u5c01\u5305\u5167)
siaddr:\u7d66client\u7db2\u8def\u958b\u6a5f\u7684\u958b\u6a5f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bcserver\u4f4d\u5740(\u5728DHCPOFFER\u3001DHCPACK\u3001DHCPNACK\u5167)
giaddr:\u8de8\u7db2\u7528relay agent\u4f4d\u5740
chaddr:Client\u786c\u9ad4\u4f4d\u5740
sname:Server\u540d\u7a31\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4ee50x00\u7d50\u5c3e
file:\u7d66client\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u958b\u6a5f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u540d\uff0c\u7a0d\u5f8c\u4ee5TFTP\u50b3\u9001
options:\u5141\u8a31Vendor-Specific Area(\u5ee0\u5546\u5b9a\u8b70\u9078\u9805),\u9577\u5ea6\u53ef\u8b8a\u53ef\u5e36\u591a\u9078\u9805,\u517c\u5bb9BOOTP,\u683c\u5f0f\u70bacode,len,value<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…………………… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

bootp\u548cdhcp\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/td>bootp<\/td>dhcp <\/td><\/tr>
\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f <\/td>manual <\/td>manual,automatic,dynamic <\/td><\/tr>
\u53ef\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7d44\u614b<\/td>IP address
Gateway address
Subnet mask
DNS server address <\/td>		IP address
Gateway address
Subnet mask
DNS server address
WINS,domain name,…\u7b49 <\/td><\/tr>
\u4f7f\u7528\u5354\u5b9a<\/td>udp port 67,68<\/td>udp port 67,68 <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOOTP(bootstrap protocol)\u57281985 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osi-layer7"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/systw.net\/note\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}